Ch. 8 psych

the mental process of manipulating info mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decicisons,and reflecting critically or creatively

asking questions in creative ways and "seeing" what others do not

• subgoals
• algorithyms
• neuristics

intermediate goals or problems that put us in a better position for reaching the final goal or solution

strategies including formulas, instructions, and the testing of all possible solutions that gurantee a solution to a problem

shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem but do not gurantee an answer

once you solve a problem, you won't know if it works until  you do it. have in mind a clear criteria for the effectiveness of the solution

rethink/redefine problems continually; how can you improve it

using prior strategy and failing to look @ a problem from a fresh new perspective

failing to solve a problem as a result of fixation on a thing's usual functions

reasoning from specific observations to make generalizations

reasoning from a general case that is known to be true to a specifc instance

the tendency to search for and use info that supports our ideas rather than refutes them

the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we acurately predicted an outcome

a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imaging similar events

presenting info either positevly or negatively in order to change the influence it has on a individual or group

any process of comparing entities in pairs to judge which of each entity is preferred, or has a greater amount of some quantitative property.

an outlook on life such that one maintains a view of the world as a positive place. It is the opposite of pessimism

an inclination to emphasize adverse aspects, conditions, and possibilities or to expect the worst possible outcome

• thinking reflectively and productively and evalutating the evidence
• -mindfulness
• -open-mindness

state of being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities

state of ebing receptive to other ways of looking @ things

• thinking outside of the box
• -creativity
• -divergent thinking
• -convergent thinking

ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to devise unconventional solutions to problems

thinking that produces many solutions to the same problem

thinking that produces the single best solution to a problem

all purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and to learn from experince

Binet

an individual's mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100 

an individuals mental develpment relative to that of other's

age from birth

proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the memebers

possesing high intelligence an IQ of 130 or higher and or superior talent in a particular area

• mild 50-70
• moderates 35-50
• severe 20-34
• profound anything below 20

• analytical intelligence
• creative intelligence
• pratical intelligence

ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare and contrast

ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine

ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice

scientific feild that focuses on creating machines capable of perfomring activites that aquire intelligence when done by humans

mental process of finding an appropiate way to attain a goal when the goal is not readily avaliable

development of uniform procedures for administrering/ scoring a test and the creation of norms for the test

extent to which a test yeilds a consistent, reproducable measure of performance

a language's sound system