-
Function
- development of sex cells
- production of sex hormones
- fertilization
- development of offspring
- nourishment of offspring
-
Common characteristics for male and female
- essential organs- gonads- produce sex cells gametes or germ cell
- men-testes
- women-ovaries
- sex cell- germ cell or gametes- multiply quickly
- men-sperm
- women- ova
-
common hormonal influences
- gonadotrophins- anterior pituitary gland hormones produce:
- FSH- follicle stimulating hormone and
- LH- luteinizing hormone
- sex hormones- rep system
- men- testosterone
- women- estrogen and progesterone
-
Male essential organ
testes- located in scrotum, 2 sacks below groin and thigh. decrease temp to allow sperm production.
-
accesory organs for males
- ducts- passageway for sperm
- sex glands- produce protective solution for sperm to travel
- external genitals-
-
testes structure- tunica albuguinea
- outer covering
- enter gland and forms septra which divides into
- Lobules- contain the seminiferous tubules
- Sem. Tubules- sperm produced
-
testes structure- inerstitial cells
- specialized cells
- produce testosterone
- near the septra
-
function of testes
- spermatogenesis
- production of testosterone
-
Spermatogenesis
- Sperm(spermatozoa) production
- in sem tubules
- how? Meiosis- 23 chromosomes. specilized cell division
- when- puberty, continues through life span.
-
sperm sturcture
- Head-
- Acrosome- hyaluronidase
- enzyme
- breaks down covering of the ovum
- allow sperm to enter ova for fertilization
- Midpiece
- mitochondria
- energy for sperm
- Flagellum
- tail, propels sperm
-
Testosterone
- inerstitial cells
- puberty up to whole lifespan
- SECONDARY CHARACTERISTICS
- deep voice
- facial hair
- muscle mass- protein anabolism
- promotes and maintains male acc organs.
-
Reproductive Ducts
- Epididymis
- Ductus Deferens or Vas deferns
- Ejaculatory Duct
- Urethra
-
Epididymis
- 6 M or 20 ft long
- lies on top and behind the testes in the scrotum
- sperm mature
-
Vas Deferens
- transports sperm from the scrotum to the abd cavity
- Spermatic Cord
- vas deferns
- blood vessels
- nerves
-
inguinal canal
opening into abd cavity
-
Vasectomy
- small incision made on both sides to expose the vas.
- vas is tied in two places then or cut or cauterized
-
Ejaculatory Duct
- Formed from Vas Deferens
- Duct of seminal vesicle
- Passes through prostate gland
-
Urethra
- opens into exterior
- Functions
- reproductive
- urinary
-
Route of Sperm
- Seminiferous Tubule
- Testes
- Epididymis
- Ductus Deferens
- Ejac Duct
- Urethra
-
Accesory sex glands male
- contribute secretions to the fluid portion of semen
- Seminal Vesicles
- Prostate Gland
- Bulbourethral( Cowpers glands)
-
Seminal Vesicles
- 60% seminal fluid
- secretion rich in fructose for energy
-
Prostate
- below bladder
- donut shaped
- urethra passes through
- 30% sem fluid
- acitvated sperm and maintains motility
- Clinical Conditions
- Prostatic Hypertrophy
- BPH- Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
- Ca of the prostate
-
Bulb glands
- peas shaped
- secretes mucous
- less than 5% sem fluid
- lubricated terminal portion of urethra
-
Semen
- Compostion
- sperm
- 95% secretions of accessory glands
- 3-5 ml per ejaculation
- alkaline- protects from femal acidic environmnt
- 100million sperm per mL
-
-
Structure of Penis
- erectile tissue or spongy tissue
- 2 dorsal-- corpora covernosa
- 1 ventral-- corpus cpongiosusm
-
Structure of glans penis
- cup shaped
- covered by forskin or prepuce
- circumcison
-
Function of penis
- erectile tissue fill with blood during sex arousal-- erection
- Deposition of sperm into vagina.
-
Structure of female rep system
- ovaries- gonads- ess organs
- Accessory Organs
- Ducts
- oviducts- fallopian tubes
- uterus
- vagina
- Acessory glands
- External genitalia
-
Ovaries
- inside pelvic cavity
- Large almond size
- 3 grams each
-
Ovary microscopic structure
- Ovarian follicle
- contains oocyte- immature ova
- 1 million present at birth
- primary follicle
- covered with granulose cells-- prduce estrogen
- potential to mature
- 400,000 present at puberty
- 350-500 will mature
-
Graafian Follicle
- mature ova and sac
- about 350-500 in life span
- covered with granulosa cells- secrete estrogen
-
Corpus Luteum-- yellow body
- Follicle after ovulation
- secretes progesterone
-
ovary function
- oogenesis
- hormone production
- estrogen
- progesterone
-
OOgenesis
- ova production
- meiotic cell division- 23 chromosomes
- process complete by birth
-
OVA
- largest cell in body!
- large amt of cytoplasm proveids nutrients for rapidly developing embryo
-
Estrogen
- Granulosa cells
- development of rep organs
- secondary sex characteristics
- initiation of menses
-
Progesterone
- Corpus Luteum
- proliferation of lining of uterus
- maintains lining of uterus
- maintains pregnancy
-
Reproductive Ducts
- Fallopian tubes
- uterus
- vagina
-
Fallopian tubes
uterine tubes
oviducts
- extend from uterus into abd cavity.. 10CM
- Fimbriae- finger distal portion
- grabs ova after ovulation
- Mucous lining continuous between uterus and abd cavity
- clinical sig of spread of endometriosis and infection
-
parts of uterus
- body- broad central portion
- fundus
- upper portion, fallopian tubes into
- cervix- cervival os or mouth of uterus
- lower narrow section
- diameter of lead pencil
-
structure of uterus
- perimetrium- outer layer
- myometrium- middle layer, muscle
- endometrium(decidua)
- lining
- sloughs off during menses
- uterine cavity
-
Uterus functions
- menstration- sloughing off of endometrium
- occurs when progesterone and estrogen at lowest levels
- 14 days follwing ovulation
- menarche- puberty
- menopause- age 50
-
Uterine functions
- Prenancy
- environment for growing fetus
- menstruation ceases- rich endometrium enchances fetal environment.
- Labor
- contaction of muscle expels fetus
-
Vagina
- located between urinary bladder and rectum in pelvis
- 10 cm long
- capable of stretching
- functional organ in intercourse
- BIRTH CANAL
-
Accessory glands or supportive glands
- Bartholin's glands
- secretes mucous like lub fluid
- ducts open between labia minora
- Breasts
- secrete milk to nourish newborn infant
-
Breast
- located over pectoral muscle of thorax
- size determined by fat content
- no factor in milk secretion
-
Breasts
- lobes- division'
- lobules
- acini or alveoli cells
- milk secreting cells
- Lactiferous Ducts
- drain milk into nipple from acini cells
- Nipple
- pigmented stucture just below center of breast
- contains opening from lactiferous ducts
- Areola
- pigmented area around nipple
-
Ext Genitalia-- women
- Mons pubis- fatty pad over symphysis pubis
- Labia Majora
- 2 large outer folds of fat
- extend from mons pubis to anus
- Labia Minora
- 2 smaller inner folds
-
Ext genitalia- women
- Vestibile
- orifice of urethra- urinary meatus
- bartholin's gland
- vaginal orifice or openings
- hymen- fold of mucous membrane at vaginal opening
- Clitoris
- erectile tissue
- behind anterior junciton of labia minora
- Perineum
- space between vaginal oriface and anus
-
Menstrual cycle
- involves changes in the uterus, ovaries, vagina, and breasts
- caused by hormones to allow
- ovulation
- fertilization
- prep for uterine lining for fertilized ova
- disposal of uterine if no fertilization.
-
ovarian cycle and hormonal control
- follicular phase
- fsh- follicle stimulating hormone
- anterior pit gland
- stimulates immature ovarian follicles to mature
- estrogen- granulosa cells of maturing follicle
-
luteal phase
- LH- ovulation
- ant pit hormone
- release in response to estrogen surge
- progesterone- corpus luteum
-
ischemic phase
- menstration occurs
- corpus luteum degenerates
-
puberty
- stage n life where males and females are functional capable to reproduce
- secondary sex charc.
- Males- 14-16
- femals-10-14
- amenorrhea- longer to puberty.. decrease fat
-
puberty hormonal influence-- women
- FSH- stimulates ovariam follicle to mature
- LH- ovulation, production of progesterone
- Estrogen- preliferation of uterine lining, secondary sex characteristics
- Progesterone- proliferation of uterine lining, maintenance of lining
-
male puberty hormones
- FSH- sperm production initiated
- LH- prod of testosterone
- testosterone- secondary male characterisitics
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