Notable Biologists

Humans evolved from fish

Father of modern medicine. Corpus hippocraticum

Parts of Animals, On Plants, History of Animals, Generation of Animals

Natural History, collected data on plants and animals

Father of experimental physiology, On the Natural Faculties, pulmonary circulation

Described measles and smallpox, published book on children's diseases

Helped formulate modern anatomical study with his notebooks

Pioneered application of chemistry to medicine, imbalance of humors

Father of anatomy, Fabrica

Blood circulation, Father of modern physiology, An Anatomical Treatise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals

Founder of microscopic anatomy, discovered lung capillaries, confirming Harvey's theory

The "English Hippocrates", Father of modern Epidemiology

First person to observe cells, coined word "cell, Micrographia

Discovered bacteria with a microscope, Father of Microbiology

Invented the seed drill and row-drawn horse row cultivator

Father of plant physiology, Vegetable Staticks, Haemastaticks

Classified plants and animals, nomenclature, coined male and female symbols, Systema Naturae

On the Seats and Causes of Disease, showed diseases start in specific organs, discovered many blood diseases

First standard textbook of physiology (Elementa Physiologiae)

Proved that citrus fruits prevented scurvy

Father of Surgery

first vaccination of smallpox (on James Phipps)

Pioneer of scientific histology

Compared anatomy of various animals with humans, Lectures on Comparitive Anatomy

Forerunner of evolutionary theory, acquired characteristics, Zoological Philosophy

Pioneer in classification of fossil fish, ice age theory

Manual of Botany of the Northern United States

Founder of pathology and cellular pathology

Developed cell theory

Wrote books on evolution (origin of species)

Studied evolution at same time as Darwin in S. America and Asia

Discovered heredity with pea experiments

Supported Darwin's theory; studied marine life on HMS Rattlesnake; expert on Medusae; Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature

Bacteriology; killed microbes with heat; saved French wine and silk industries; vaccinated sheep against anthrax; cured rabies; disproved spontaneous generation

Rediscovered Mendel's work with Correns and Tschermak; hereditary mutation theory

Pioneer of entomology; Souvenirs Entomologiques

Showed mosquitoes carried yellow fever and controlled typhoid fever

Nobel Prize for Phys. or Med. in 1904 for work on digestion and nervous sys; reflex with dogs

1905 Phys. or Med. Nobel for discovery of tuberculosis bacterium, his namesake bacilus

Pioneer of immunology and chemotherapy; 1908 Phys. or Med. Nobel with Metchnikoff for immunity and histology of blood

Developed and improved trees, plants, flowers, etc

Discovered vitamins; isolated B₁ - thiamine

Revolutionized agriculture with peanut, sweet potato, and pecan products; "plant doctor" and "father of chemurgy"

Demonstrated that traits are inherited through genes; won 1933 Phys. or Med. Nobel for work on fruit fly (D. melanogaster) and The Theory of the Gene

Won 1930 Phys. or Med. Nobel for discovering 4 human blood types; co-discovered Rh factor in 1940 with A.S. Wiener

Discovered penicillin; shared 1928 Phys. or Med. Nobel for this discovery

Developed DDT, nobel in Phys. and Med. for it

Won 1946 Phys. or Med. Nobel for proving that X-rays induce mutations

Concern for ecology and environment led her to protest use of pesticides; The Sea Around Us and Silent Spring

Seed-treatment philosophy called vernalization had an adverse effect on Soviet bio-research

Received 1952 Phys. or Med. Nobel for discovering anti-tuberculosis antibiotic streptomycin

Shared 1959 Phys. or Med. Nobel for artificially synthesizing RNA and other nucleic acids

Shared 1952 Phys. or Med. Nobel for artificially producing DNA and his study of the enzymatic synthesis of DNA

Discovered structure of DNA; shared 1962 Phys. or Med. Nobel; wrote The Double Helix