Advanced Artic Ch 11

An articulatory disorder resulting from impairment as a result of brain damage, of the capacity to program the positioning of speech musculatue and the sequencing of muscle movements for the volitional production of phonemes.

True or False: There is significant weakness, slowness, and incoordination in reflex and automatic acts with Apraxia of Speech. 

Individuals with ______ ___ _______ often struggle to find the correct articulatory positions needed to produce phonemes accurately.

_____  alternations may be associated with the articulatory problem of Apraxia of Speech, perhaps in compensation for it.

True or False: The errors in Apraxia of Speech are not caused by muscle weakness, abnormal muscle tone, reduced range of movement, or decreased muscle steadiness.

The errors in Apraxia of Speech are caused by a deficit in the ability to accurately _______ the movements needed to produce speech sounds.

The term Apraxia comes from the Greek word praxis which means...

Apraxia literally means without ___.

It is probably more accurate to describe Apraxia of Speech as:
A. Apraxia
B. Dyspraxia

There are several types of apraxia, of which apraxia of speech is only one of the subcategories.  The two main types of apraxia are ______ Apraxia  and _____ Apraxia.

The inability to make use of an object or gesture because the individual has lost the knowledge (or idea) of the object's or gesture's function is which type of apraxia?

______ Apraxia is a disturbance in the conception of an object or gesture.

A  disturbance in the performace of the movements needed to use an object, make a gesture, or complete a sequence of indicidual movements is which type of Apraxia?

Individuals with ____ apraxia have not lost their knowledge of an object or gesture's function, rather, they have a deficit in carrying out the motor plan needed to use an object or make a gesture.

Name the three subcategories of Ideomotor Apraxia.

The inability to sequence the movements of the arms, legs, hands, or feet during a VOLUNTARY act is known as ___ Apraxia.

Limb Apraxia is most often the result of ____ hemisphere damage.

buccofacial apraxia, facial apraxia, orofacial apraxia, or lingual apraxia are all names for which type of apraxia.

A deficit in the ability to sequence nonverbal VOLUNTARY movements of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other oral structures is called...

Individuals with nonverbal oral apraxia may have difficulty performing which of the following tasks:
A) protruding tongue
B) biting the lip
C) Puffing out the cheeks
D) A & B only
E) All of the above

Nonverbal oral apraxia is often seen in individuals with ___ hemispere damage, and it can often co occur with ___.

True or False: Nonverbal oral Apraxia affects the spontaneous and reflexive orofacial movements.

Nonverbal Oral Apraxia can co-occur with the third subcategory of Ideomotor Apraxia, which is...

A deficit in the ability to sequence the motor command needed to correctly position the articulators during the voluntary production of phonemes.

True or False: Individuals with Apraxia of Speech can also have limb apraxia or nonverbal oral apraxia.

Apraxia of speech is usually caused by damage to which area of the brain?

In the majority of cases, Apraxia of speech co-occurs with ___ ____.

___ is the most complex motor movement of the body.

A neural network in the brain that sequences the motor movements needed to produce speech accurately.

The motor speech programmer is actually a rather ___, nebulous cerebral structure.

Although the motor speech programmer has not be precisely localized in the brain, research indicates it resides near the Perisylvian area of the ____ hemisphere.

Disorders that damage the motor speech programmer have the potential to cause ______

True or false:   damage to the perisylvian area of the left hemisphere is the only site of lesion in cases of apraxia of speech.

_____ is the most FREQUENT cause of Apraxia of Speech.

Which lobes of the brain are often affected by stoke causing apraxia of speech?

_____ is the SECOND most FREQUENT cause of Apraxia of Speech.

_____ is the THIRD most FREQUENT cause of Apraxia of Speech.

Most researchers agree that Apraxia of Speech is a disorder primarily of:
A) Articulation
B) A& C only
C) Resonance
D) Prosody
E) All of the above

Individuals with Apraxia of Speech demonstrate trial and error attempts at finding the correct articulatory positions for target phonemes.  This is known as...

Individuals with Apraxia of Speech are _____ in their speech errors.
(Consistent or Inconsistent)

________ errors are the most COMMON problem in Apraxia of Speech.
(resonance, prosody, articulation)

The most common Articulation errors in individuals with Apraxia of speech is:
A) Distortions
B) Substitutions
C) Repetitions
D) Omissions

Which is easier to produce for individuals with Apraxia of Speech, single consonants or consonant clusters?

Phonemes in which position of a word are more likely to be in error in AOS, initial, medial or final?

Articulation errors in Apraxia of Speech:

Many articulation deficits in Apraxia of Speech make normal ____ extremely difficult.

Prosodic Errors in Individuals with Apraxia of Speech:

When an individual with Apraxia of Speech is asked to voluntary take a breath and the result is a halting, effortful movement, this is due to what effected part of speech?

____ is seldom a significant problem in apraxia of speech.
(respiration, prosody, resonance)

Individuals with mild or moderate apraxia of speech seldom demonstrate isolated deficits of _______.

Severe apraxia of speech may cause significant deficits in phonation. This can cause unsuccessful attempts at:
A) Voluntary phonation
B) Only A
C) Spontaneous phonation
D) Both A&B

What four conditions do you need to rule out when diagnosing Apraxia of Speech?

_____ _____ errors are the incorrect placement of one or more phoneme into a word.

APRAXIA OF SPEECH

APHASIA/Literal Paraphasias

Apraxia of Speech Vs. Broca's Aphasia

Many individuals with mild or moderate apraxia of speech can complete the___ task accurately because it involve only one movement sequence with only one place of articulatory contact.

Individuals with apraxia of speech are unable to complete the ___ task accurately because it requies the sequencing of multiple articulatory positions in three different sites within the mouth.

______ speech and _____ are important taske for determining the effects of the apraxia on prosody.

Nearly all treatments for ____ __ _____ are behaviorally based procedures that help affected individuals improve their ability to sequence speech sounds correctly.

True or False:  Unlike some of the treatment for dysarthria, prosthetic and medical interventions for apraxia of speech are rare.

Name four Specific Treatments for Apraxia of Speech

This treatment program was developed by Rosenbek et al. and is an eight step sequence of activities that moves the patient from repeating target phonemes with the clinician to independent production of utterances in role playing situations.

In the treatment process by Darley et al. this stage is for low level beginners and helps with voluntary phonation, tongue protrusion, and simple oral movements.

In the treatment process by Darley et al. this stage employs common expressions, counting, or singing well known songs.

In the treatment process by Darley et al. this stage helps the patient return to working on volitional speech production, starting with easy phonemes such as /m/ and increasing in difficulty such as producing two word phrases ending with /m/.

_____ is based on the observation that many individuals with aphasia or apraxia of speech can sing the words of a song much better than they can say the same words in conversation.

It is said that Melodic Intonation Therapy allows the ____ hemisphere to facilitate the function of the damaged ____ hemisphere. 

At this level of Melodic Intonation Therapy the clinician hums and taps syllables, then words, then allows the patient to hum and tap the word, then sing the word in response to a question.

At this level of the Melodic Intonation Therapy the same steps in the Elementary level are performed but a period of several seconds is inserted between each task.

At this level of the Melodic Intonation Therapy speech song is used to closely match normal speech intonation.  Speech Song is similar to choral reading.

This treatment program for Apraxia of Speech uses a combination of proprioceptive, pressure, and kinesthetic cues that show patients how to sequence their oral movements for speech.

This treatment program requires the clinician to act as an external motor speech programmer by by guiding the patients articulators through the correct motor sequence.