Anthropology Test 3

Found in Etheopia in 2007.

Fossile record is indirect evidence for macro evolutionary change.

bio material that has been preserved. mostly when dead animal is quickly coverd by mud or sand. 1,000-forever. bone material is repaced with minerals

• rare times tissue can be presrved in: bogs, tundra and deserts. due to lack of oxygen and water.
• example: bog people of denmark, mummies of egypt and mummies of greenland

what happens to body after death

enviroment that no longer exists

classification system by linneaus in the book system by linneaus based on degree animals are related

traits that function the same but are not the same. ( bird and bat wings)

evolutionary biology. uses primative and derived traits. all animals have unique characteristics

process of an organism to multiply in numbers and forms (explosion of mamals)

• 1. paleocene 65-53 million years ago
• 2. eocene 53-35 million years ago
• 3. oilgocene 35-25 million years ago
• 4. miocene 25-5 million years ago
• 5. pliocene 5-1.8 million years ago
• 6. pleisstocene 1.8-12,000 years ago
• 7. hcvocene 12,000- present

3-1-4-3 dental formula. mouse size. lived in trees and bushes

egg laying mamals

only in austraila

1/4th of mouth

during cenozoic they became the most widespread mammal. they have placentas

3 layers from mom 3 layers from featus. litter animals

ape and monkey. 3 layers from featus no layers from mom

body tempature control (some dinos may have had it)

multiple forms of teeth

viviparty-live birth. babies need protine, learned bad and good theough play

living in trees, 5 didgets, eyes in front, less smell, clavical, finger pads and nails

visual predation hypotosis. binocular vision allows for judging distance. hand to mouth feeding

53-37 million years ago. strepersorie, 1st modern primates troop. rainforest coverd most of north america and europe. they were connected by greenlad untill 45 million years ago

north america, europe and asia. look like modern tarsiers. known for teeth and jaw. necrolemurs suborder: tarsiformes 2-1-3-3. eats fruit and insects. have partial post orbital closure. unfused mandible. binocular vision

37-25 million years ago. suborder: haplorines. infraorder: platayrines and catarines

lies near base of family tree of owm, ape and human. 13-18 lbs. 5y cusp. slow climber, quadropedail. 2-1-2-3

age of ape. 25-5 million years ago. super family: hominoidea are found in france, germany, spain, greece, hungry, india, turkey, s.arabia, egypt, kenya, china and asia. 30 genera and 100 species.thin enamal on molar. slender projecting caine. no tails monkey limbs

14 million years ago. east africa. woodlands, bushes, fossile evidence from eurasia, india and china.

from pakistan. stout central incisors. deep thick mandibul. flaring zygomatic arch. large 1st molar, thick enamal

6-9ft tall. 500-1000 lbs. largest teeth of ape

have to do with diet and living conditions, movement pattern

5 didgets, nails no claws, prehensile hands and feet. erectness, sitting, walking, leaping, retention of clavical, flexable shoulders

2-1-3-3, 2-1-2-3, 2-1-3-2. no special diet

small snout, large emphisis of depth and color, longer gestation, single birth, long infancy and life span, dependancy on learnned behavior, flexable behaivor, male parents, group association

claw on 2nd toe, long snout, incompleat vision, no back wall to eye socket, lacrimal bone is a part of the bone formation of snout, dental comb

only in madagascar, low metabolic rate, males stink fight. madagascar has 26+ species of lemur. 14 extinct.

vertical climbing and leaping, full teeth before 1. small gropus

1972, created Ranomafana forest preserve.

• griseus- gray bamboo lemur
• aureus- golden bamboo lemur discoverd 1987
• simus- thought to be extinct

flat face, large eyes, long bushy tail, long fingers, 3rd finger very long, claws except big toe has nail

• 2-1-3-3.
• nocturnal, africa and asia

• galago- from africa, vertical clingers and leapers, eats bugs, adult
• girls maintain teritory. group of related girls, boys have own teritory.
• 2 foot bones, high metabolic rate

slow climber, from borneo and south phillipines in south east asia. produce poision

clinger and leaper. only in south east asia, elongated foot and ankle, 2-1-3-3. bio chem is simmilar to anthropids not so much lemurs

• Haplorhine has:
• larger body
• rounder skull
• steroscopic vision
• back wall to eye
• no rhinorium
• fewer premolars
• complex social system
• parental care
• 70% of all primates are haps

• from south america
• all live in trees (aboriral)
• callitrichs- 2-1-3-2 (marmoset)
• ceboids- 2-1-3-3 (squril monkey)
• atlids- 2-1-3-3 (howler monkey)

• marmosets- 20 cm in legth
• tamarins- 3 babies, whole group cares for babies
• cotton topped tamarins- when stressed can cause stomach cancer

• capuchin- small, large groups, courious
• squirrl monkey- smart, small, courious

• only monkey to hang by tail
• s. america, central america
• small group because of management and resource
• howler monkey- can be heard for over 5 miles

• haplorhini
• africa-colobus monkey
• asia-probosics monkey

hemadryus baboon

from africa

eaten by chimps, they mob baby chimps

color changes as they get older

• catarrhini
• hominiodea
• hylopates
• pongidae
• pongo pymaeus abelii
• homindidae
• gorillinae
• gorilla gorilla

louis leaky ladies, they are humansnearest relitive

very smart, kanzi

1st leaky lady, apes, learned by doing

2nd leaky lady, didget was favorite gorilla, murderd