Nutrition

the rate of growth over time

children between the ages of 1-3 years

development and use of large muscle groups as exhibited by walking alone, running, walking up stairs, riding a bike, hopping, and skipping

development and use of smaller muscle groups demonstrated by stacking objects, scribbling and copying a circle or square

children between ages 3-5 years who are not yet attending kindergarten

measurement of length while the child is lying down. Recumbent length is used to measure toddlers <24 months of age and those between 24 and 36 months who are unable to stand unassisted

standing height

an index that correlates with total body fat content or percent body fat and is an acceptable measure of adiposity or body fatness in children and adults. it is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (kg/m²)

beverages or food such as yogurt in which the energy/macronutrient content has been varied by the use of various carbohydrate and fat sources. The preload is given before a meal or snack and subsequent intake is monitored.

quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes, used as reference values for assissing the diets of healthy people.

the average daily dietary intake levels sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a population group. RDAs serve as goals for individuals

a reduction below normal in the number of red blood cells per cubic mm in the quantity of hemoglobin or in the volume of packed red cells per 100 mL of blood. This reduction occurs when the balance between blood loss and blood production is disturbed

a protein that is the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells. A decrease in hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells is a late indicator of iron deficiency

an indicator of the proportion of whole blood occupied by red blood cells. A decrease in hematocrit is a late indicator of iron deficiency

the presence of one or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger

permanent white or brownish staining of the enamel of teeth caused by exessive ingestion of fluoride before teeth have erupted

access at all times to a sufficient supply of safe, nutritious foods

a serious somethimes fatal complication associated with illness caused by e. coli 0157:H7, which occurs primarily in children under the age of 10 years. HUS is characterized by renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and a severe decrease in platelet count

body mass index-for-age between the 85th and 94th percentiles

BMI-for-age greater than or equal to the 95th percentile

a normal increase in body mass index that occurs after BMI declines and reaches its lowest point at 4-6 years of age

the leading cause of death and a common cause of illness and diability in the US. Coronary heart disease is the principal form of heart disease and is caused by buildup of cholesterol deposits in the coronary arteries, which feed the heart

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the lipid most associated with atheroscleotic disease. Diets high in saturated fat, trans fatty acids, and dietary cholesterol have been shoen to increase LDL-cholesterol levels

a condition that runs in families and results in high levels of serum cholesterol and other lipids

fatty acids that have unusual shapes resulting from the hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Trans fatty acids also occur naturally in small amounts in foods such as dairy products and beef

a type of hardening of the arteries in which cholesterol is deposited in the arteries. These deposits narrow the coronary arteries and may reduce the flow of blood to the heart

highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population; gives levels of intake that may result in adverse effects if exceeded on a regular basis

the most restrictive of vegetarian diets, allowing only plant foods

this diet falls between semivegetarian and vegan diets and includes foods such as brown rice, other grains, vegetables, fish, dried beans, spices, and fruits

let children select and help prepare a whole-grain side dishlet children help shop for, clean, peel, or cute up vegetables and fruits, depending on the agelet children decide on the dinner vegetable or what goes into salads

• ages 1-3 = 1.1 g/kg(weight)/day or 13 g/day
• ages 4-8 = 0.95 g/kg(weight)/day or 19 g/day

• ages 1-3 = 7 mg/day
• ages 4-8 = 10 mg/day

• ages 1-3 = 3 mg/day
• ages 4-8 = 5 mg/day

• ages 1-3 = 500 mg/day
• ages 4-8 = 800 mg/day

increase iron requirements or inadequate iron absorption or inadequate iron intake --> decrease iron stores --> iron deficiency --> iron depletion --> iron-deficiency anemia symptoms

• ages 1-3 = 19g/day of total fiber
• ages 4-8 = 25g/day of total fiber

• ages 2-5:
• males: 55.9%
• female: 56.0%

• ages 2-5:
• males: 13.9%
• females: 14.3%

• ages 2-5:
• males: 31.4%
• females: 31.1%

• ages 2-5:
• males: 174 mg/day
• femals: 164 mg/day