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Monohybrid Cross
- Breeding (i.e. cross-pollination) two varietes that differ for one trait
- i.e. colour of flower: purple P and white p
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Alleles
Alternative form of a gene
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First fillial
First generation (after paretnal generation)
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Homozygus Dominant
Same alleles, i.e. PP
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Homozygous Recessive
Same alleles; i.e. pp
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Heterozygous
- Two different alleles
- i.e. Pp, pP
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Incomplete dominance (co-dominance)
- Both alleles are expressed
- i.e. Red flower cross-pollinated with white flower becomes pink flower
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Dihybrid cross
- Breeding two varieties that differ for two traits
- i.e. Colour and shape
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Multiple alleles
- More than two alleles
- i.e. blood types: IA, IB, i Rh factor R, r
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Polygenic inheritance
- Many genes code for one phenotype
- Gradietnt of phenotypes
- i.e. skin colour, hair colour, eye colour, intelligence, height
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Epistasis
When one gene interferes with the expression of another
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Pleiotropy
- One gene that effects the expression of many different phenotypes
- i.e. one gene that affects both pigmentation and cross-eyedness
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Test cross
Helps differentiate between homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotypes.
Cross unown genotype with a known homozygous recessive genotype
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