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Bovine Medicine
Physical
- Temp 99-102
- Pules 60-70
- Respiration =30
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Bovine Medicine
Anatomy
- Ruminant 4 chamber stomach
- Rumen
- Reticulum
- Omasum
- Abomasum (Gastric Stomach)
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Bovine Medicine
Venipuncture
Coccygeal vein or jugular
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Infectiopus Pustular vulvovaginitis- IPV
- Etiology- cause
- Herpesvirus (BHV-1)
- Multiform disease causing respiratory, genital and encephalitis
- Epidemiology
- Respiratory Form
- Feedlots
- Crowded areas
- Incubation 2-6 days
- Genital
- Natural and artificial insemination
- Incubation 2-3 days
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis- (IPV)
- Clinical Signs
- Respiratory
- Pyrexia- fever
- Rhinitis (red nose)
- Nasal discharge and oral ulcers
- Salivation
- Genital
- Abortions
- Vaginitis and penile lesions
- Diarrhea and convulsions in young calves
- Diagnosis
- Clinical signs
- Virus isolation
- Treatment
- Symptomatic not treated due to economics
- Prevention
- Vaccination
- IM- Feedlots
- Intranasal- bleeding
- Intranasal works best
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Bovine medicine
Disease
Shipping Fever
- Etiology
- Severe respiratory disease associated with stress and shipping of young cattle
- Multifactorial organism cause but associated primarily with Pasteurella sp
- Pasteurella haemolytica and multocida
- Parainfluenza virus 3 (PI-3)
- Clinical Signs
- Pyrexia and anorexia
- Mucopurulent nasal discharge
- Caughing and dyspnea
- Fibrinous pleuralpneumonia (fiber tags on lungs)
- Diagnosis
- Clinical signs
- Necropsy
- Treatment
- Antibodies- bacterial
- Penicillin
- Streptomycin
- Naxel- no withdrawel time
- Prevention
- Prevent stress and vaccination of viral diseases 3-4 weeks before shipping
- PI-3 (parainfluenza Virus 3)
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Bovine Viral Disease (BVD)
- Etiology
- Pestivirus - Togaviridae
- Characteriaed by fever, erosions, and hoemorrhage of the alimentary tract (the tubular passage extending from the mouth to the anus, through which food is passed and digested), depression and diarrhea
- Cattle 9-24 months of ageTransmission direct contact
- Incubation period 5-10 days
- Clinical Signs
- Oral lesions and erosions
- Pyrexia and anorexia
- Bloody and maloderous diarrhea
- Leukopenia
- Abortions
- Diagnosis
- Clinical signs
- Necropsy
- Hemorrhage and lyphoid necrosis
- Virus isolation
- Spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, peyers patches
- Diagnosis important for BVD, to differentiate from Rinderpest and Foot and Mouth disease
- Treatment
- Symptomatic
- Usually not treated due to costs
- prevention
- Vaccination
- Management
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Displaced Abomasum
- Etiology
- a. Characterized by acute disease that occurs in cows within 2 days- 2 weeks after calving.
- b. Inappetence, dehydration and distention of the abdomen on either the right or left side.
- Caused by fluid or gas accumulation in the abomasum
- c. Left displaced abomasum (LDA) more common than RDA
- d. Caused by heavy grain feeding (corn) which causes increased ruminal flow and gas production
- Clinical Signs
- Inappetance, drop milk production and ketosis
- Distended abdomen and decreased gut sounds
- Metabolic alkolosis
- Ping on ausculation of abdomen
- ( Listen for gut sounds)
- Diagnosis
- Clinical signs and palpation
- Treatment
- Surgery- omentopexy or abomasopexy
- Fluid support
Metabolic Alkolosis- Abnormally high alkalinity of the body fluids caused by ingesting excess alkalis or loss of large amounts of acid
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Brucellosis
- Etiology- zoonotic
- Bangs disease (swollen testicles)
- Contagious disease effecting cattle, sheep, goats and dogs
- Characteriazed by abortions and infertility in both sexes
- Brucella abortus in cattle
- Transmission is through ingestion, venereal, vectors
- Causes Malta or undulent fever in humans
- Clinical signs
- Abortions and infertility
- Diagnosis
- Bacteriology
- Culture from milk, placenta, lungs, stomach, fetus
- Serum agglutination test
- Standard method in cattle
- Serum (beef cattle) or milk- Dairy Cattle
- Brucella ring test
- Official screening test
- Tests milk sample
- Repeat herds suspect 3-4 months intervals
- Market cattle testing (MCT)- beef cattle
- Screening test for nondairy herds
- Bloods test
- Treatment
- Antibiotics
- Usually slaughtered
- Prevention
- Once Brucella Positive herd is found, the herd is tested at regular interval until 2-3 negative tests are obtained.
- Positive cows are removed from the herd
- Vaccination with B. abortus strain 19 (live Vaccine)
- Brucellosis ear tags
- Tag on right ear
- 1st symbol is quarter of the year
- 2nd symbol is veterinary sheild
- 3rd symbol is the number of present year
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Brucellosis
Discospondylitis is an infection of one or more bones in the spinal column
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Mastitis
Definition
- Inflammation of the mammary gland, usually caused by infection
- Great economic importance in the dairy industry
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Mastitis
- Etiology
- Poor milking hygiene
- Machine faults
- Poor technique and cleanliness
- Treat injury
- Teat sores
- Environmental pathogens and infection
- Common pathogens in order of the most common
- Staphylococcus aureus- most common
- streptococcus uberis
- strep. agalactia
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Pseudomonas
- Mycobacterium
- Mycoplasma
- Pasteurella
- Clinical Signs- lumps and bumps
- Four Types
- Peracute- usually in dogs
- swelling, heat, pain and abnormal secretions from mammary gland
- Fever, depression and anorexia
- Acute
- Same symptoms as Peracute, except moderate in condition
- Subacute
- No systemic effect
- Mild changes to gland and secretions
- Subclinical
- No clinical symptoms or effects on gland
- Detected only by testing of milk or glands
- subacute or subclinical are found in the ones tested often because they are tested often
- Diagnosis
- Clinical signs
- Drop milk production
- WBC in milk counts
- Culture and sensitivity
- California Mastitis Test (CMT)- done everyday
- Paddle with 4 cups with 2ml of reagent and milk mixed together and swirled
- Positive test if agglutination and gel formation
- Bulk test and single count test
- Treatment
- Systemic antibiotics
- Penicillin
- Udder infusions
- Intramammary infusions with antibiotics
- Many times mastitis treatment will respond better drying off the cow, rather than treatment while still lactating
- Recover rates
- Spontanteous- 20%
- Lactation treatment- 30-40%
- Dry treatment- 80-90%
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Vaccines
Campylobacteriosis
- Campylobactor fetus sbsp. veneralis
- Abortions
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Vaccines
Brucellosis
- B. abortus strain 19
- Live Bacteria
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Vaccines
Leptosporosis
Bacteria causing hemolytic anemia, abortions, nephritis, and decreased milk production
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Vaccines
Anthrax
- Bacillis anthracis
- Causes septicemia and acute death
- Find dead animals with blood leaking from all orifaces, and absence of rigor mortis
- Vaccinate in endemic areas
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Vaccines
Clostrideum vaccines
- a. Clostrideum chauvoei (black leg)
- Lameness
- edema and SQ air
- b. Clostrideum septicum (Malignant edema)
- Tissue necrosis and discoloration
- swelling and tissue exudate
- c. C. novyi type B and C. haemolyticum (C. novyi type D)
- Primary effect the liver
- d. Clostridium perfringens type B,C, D
- Effects gastrointestinal tract
- Hemorragic diarrhea and enteritis
- e. Clostridium tetani
- Tetanus that effects the CNS
- Muscle rigidity and convulsions
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Vaccines
Bovine Respiratory Complex Vaccines
- a. Parainfluenza 3 (Shipping fever)
- b. BVD
- c.Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) or red nose
- d. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
- anorexia, sneezing, ocular and nasal discharge, pulmonary edema and emphysema
- e. Pasteurella multocida and haemolytica
- Fibrinous pneumonia
- Part of shipping fever
- f. Haemonphilis somnus and haemolytica
- Fibrinopurulent pneumonia
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Bovine Medicine
Diseases
Vaccines
Enteric Disease Vaccine
- Bovine rotovirus
- Coronavirus
- E. Coli
- All cause diarrhea and enteritits
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Porcine Medicine
Physical
- Temperature 102-104
- Heart Rate 60-120
- Respiration 19
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Procine Medicine
Injection sites
- Venipuncture- Jugular or caudal venicava
- IV Catheters- Ear vein - not performed much
- Injections- Subcutaneous
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Porcine medicine
Diseases
Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)
- Etiology
- Corona disease of the small intestines that cause vomiting and diarrhea in pigs
- Incubation period 18 hours
- Transmission by aerosol and contact
- Clinical signs
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Diarrhea with undigested milk
- Dehydration
- Diagnosis- Indirect Florescent Antibody
- IFA of small intestines
- Treatment
- Symptomatic
- Cull
- Vaccination
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Porcine Medicine
Dieases
Psuedorabies (Aujeszkys disease)
- Etiology- respiratory
- Herpes virus that effects all species except man and tailless primates
- Causes neurological disease in piglets and abortion in adult pigs.
- Transmission by contact, feces, venereal, lacrimal (discharge or tearing)
- Incubation period about 48hours
- eradication program
- Clinical Signs
- starts with URI of sneezing and coughing
- Followed by anorexia, fever and neurological disease
- Trembling and convulsions
- Excitation
- Neonatal piglet death
- 100% mortality in 0-3 weeks old
- 40-60% mortality in 3-4 weeks old
- Mad itch
- Cattle, sheep, dogs, cats show aggressiveness and agitation
- Pruritis
- Fatal
- Diagnosis
- Serology
- Tonsillar IFA
- FA aborted fetal tissue
- Treatment
- None
- Vaccination
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Porcine Medicine
Diseases
Atrophic Rhinitis- Deformation of the snout
- Etiology
- Bordatella bronchiseptica
- Multifactorial disease
- Causes sneezing and atrophy of turbinate bones, which results in nasal septum deformation
- Clinical signs
- Sneezing
- Effects piglets 3-8 weeks of age
- Snout deformationTreatment
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Antibiotics- Tylosin and sulfonamides - Vaccination
- Management
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Porcine medicine
Disease
Pneumonia and respiratory disease
- Etiology
- Pasteurella multocida
- Haemophilis pleuropnuemonia (Thumps)
- Swine influenza- Type A
- Clinical signs
- Ocular and nasal discharge
- Febrile and anorexia
- Pneumonia
- Diagnosis
- Antibiotics if indicated
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