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Origin of Upper Trapezius
- Occipital bone
- Nuchal Ligament on upper cervical spinous processes
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Insertion of Upper Trapezius
- Outer 1/3 of clavicle
- Acromion process
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Action of Upper Trapezius
- Scapular elevation
- Upward rotation of scapula
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Innervation of Upper Trapezius
- Spinal accessory (cnXI)
- c3 and c4 components
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Origin of Middle Trapezius
Spinous processes of c7-t3
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Insertion of Middle Trapezius
Scapular spine
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Action of Middle Trapezius
Scapular retraction
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Innervation of Middle Trapezius
- Spinal accessory (cnXI)
- c3 and c4 components
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Origin of Lower Trapezius
Spinous processes of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae
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Insertion of Lower Trapezius
Base of scapular spine
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Action of Middle Trapezius
- Scapular depression
- Scapular downward rotation
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Innervation of Lower Trapezius
- Spinal accessory (cnXI)
- c3 and c4 components
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Origin of Levator Scapula
Transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae
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Insertion of Levator Scapula
Vertebral border of scapula, between superior angle and spine
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Action of Levator Scapula
- Scapular elevation
- Scapular downward rotation
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Innervation of Levator Scapula
- 3rd/4th cervical nerves
- Dorsal scapular nerve (c5)
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Origin of Rhomboids
Spinous processes of c7-t5
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Insertion of Rhomboids
Vertebral border of scapula, between spine and inerior angle
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Action of Rhomboids
- Scapular retraction
- Scapular elevation
- Scapular downward rotation
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Innervation of Rhomboids
Dorsal scapular nerve (c5)
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Origin of Serratus Anterior
Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs
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Insertion of Serratus Anterior
- Vertebral border of scapula
- Anterior surface
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Action of Serratus Anterior
- Scapular Protraction
- Scapular upward rotation
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Innervation of Serratus Anterior
Long thoracic nerve (c5, c6, c7)
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Origin of Pectoralis Minor
Ribs 3-5, anterior surface
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Insertion of Pectoralis Minor
Corocoid process of scapula
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Action of Pectoralis Minor
- Scapular depression
- Scapular protraction
- Scapular downward rotation
- Scapular tilt
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Innervation of Pectoralis Minor
Medial pectoral nerve (c8, t1)
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Origin of Anterior Deltoid
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
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Insertion of Anterior Deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity
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Action of Anterior Deltoid
- Shoulder ABDuction
- Shoulder flexion
- Shoulder IR
- Shoulder H. ADDuction
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Innervation of Anterior Deltoid
Axillary nerve (c5, c6)
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Origin of Middle Deltoid
Acromion process
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Insertion of Middle Deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity
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Action of Middle Deltoid
Shoulder ABDuction
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Innervation of Middle Deltoid
Axillary nerves (c5, c6)
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Origin of Posterior Deltoid
Spine of scapular
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Insertion of Posterior Deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity
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Action of Posterior Deltoid
- Shoulder ABDuction
- Shoulder (Hyper)Extension
- Shoulder ER
- Shoulder H. ABDuction
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Origin of Pectoralis Major (Clavical Portion)
Medial 1/3 of clavicle
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Insertion of Pectoralis Major (Clavicle Portion)
Lateral lip of bicipital groove on humerus
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Action of Pectoralis Major (Clavical Portion)
- Shoulder flexion (1st 60 degrees)
- Shoulder ADDuction
- Shoulder IR
- Shoulder H. ADDuction
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Innervation of Pectoralis Major (Clavical Portion)
Lateral/medial pectoral nerves (c5-t1)
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Origin of Pectoralis Major (Sternal Portion)
- Sternum
- Costal cartilage of first 6 ribs
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Insertion of Pectoralis Major (Sternal Portion )
Lateral lip of bicipital groove on humerus
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Action of Pectoralis Major (Sternal Portion)
- Shoulder extension (1st 60 degrees)
- Shoulder ADDuction
- Shoulder IR
- Shoulder H. ADDuction
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Innervation of Pectoralis Major (Sternal Portion)
Lateral/medial pectoral nerves (c5-t1)
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Origin of Latissimus Dorsi
- Spinous processes t7-l5 (by dorsolumbar fascia)
- Posterior surfaces of sacrum, iliac crest, & 3 lower ribs
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Insertion of Latissimus Dorsi
Medial floor of bicipital groove on humerus
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Action of Latissimus Dorsi
- Shoulder (hyper)extension
- Shoulder ADDuction
- Shoulder IR
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Innervation of Latissimus Dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve (c6-8)
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Origin of Teres Major
Axillar border of scapula, near inferior angle
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Insertion of Teres Major
Crest below tubercle, inferior to latissimus dorsi attachment
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Action of Teres Major
- Shoulder extension
- Shoulder ADDuction
- Shoulder IR
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Innervation of Teres Major
Lower subscapular nerve (c5-7)
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Origin of Supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
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Insertion of Supraspinatus
Greater tubercle of humerus
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Action of Supraspinatus
Shoulder ABDuction
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Innervation of Supraspinatus
Subscapular nerve (c5-6)
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Origin of Infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
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Insertion of Infraspinatus
Greater tubercle of humerus
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Action of Infraspinatus
- Shoulder ER
- Shoulder H. ABDuction
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Innervation of Infraspinatus
Subscapular nerve (c5-6)
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Origin of Teres Minor
Axillary border of scapula
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Insertion of Teres Minor
Greater tublercle of humerus
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Action of Teres Minor
- Shouder ER
- Shoulder H. ABDuction
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Innervation of Teres Minor
Axillary nerve (c5-6)
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Origin of Subscapularis
Subscapular fossa of scapula
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Insertion of Subscapularis
Lesser tubercle of humerus
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Action of Subscapularis
Shoulder IR
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Innervation of Subscapularis
Upper/lower subscapular nerve (c5-6)
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Origin of Coracobrachialis
Corocoid process of scapula
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Insertion of Coracobrachialis
Medial surface of humerus, near midpoint
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Action of Coracobrachialis
Stablizes shoulder joint
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Innervation of Coracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve (c6-7)
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Origin of Brachialis
Distal half of humerus, anteriorly
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Insertion of Brachialis
- Coronoid process
- Ulnar tuberosity of ulna
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Action of Brachialis
Elbow flexion
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Innervation of Brachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve (c5-6)
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Origin of Biceps Brachii
- Long: Supraglenoid tubercle on scapula
- Short: Coracoid process in scapula
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Insertion of Biceps Brachii
Radial tuberosity of radius
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Action of Biceps Brachii
- Elbow flexion
- Forearm supination
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Innervation of Bicep Brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve (c5-6)
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Origin of Brachioradialis
Lateral supracondylar ridge on humerus
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Insertion of Brachioradialis
Styloid process of radius
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Action of Brachioradialis
Elbow flexion
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Innervation of Brachioradialis
Radial nerve (c5-6)
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Origin of Triceps
- Long: Infraglenoid tubercle on scapula
- Lateral: Inferior to greater tubercle, posterior humerus
- Medial: Posterior humerus
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Insertion of Triceps
Olecranon process on ulna
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Action of Triceps
Elbow extension
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Innervation of Triceps
Radial nerve (c7-8)
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Origin of Pronator Teres
- Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Coronoid process of ulna
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Insertion of Pronator Teres
Lateral aspect of radius, at midpoint
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Action of Pronator Teres
- Forearm pronation
- ASSIST elbow flexion
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Innervation of Pronator Teres
Median nerve (c6-7)
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Origin of Pronator Quadratus
Distal 1/4 of ulna
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Insertion of Pronator Quadratus
Distal 1/4 of radius
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Action of Pronator Quadratus
Forearm supination
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Innervation of Pronator Quadratus
Median nerve (c8-t1)
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Origin of Supinator
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Adjacent ulna
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Insertion of Supinator
Proximal radius, anteriorly
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Action of Supinator
Forearm supination
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Innervation of Supinator
Radial nerve (c6)
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