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The two parts of the skin
Epidermis and Dermis
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Epidermis
outer layer of the skin-thin
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Dermis
Inner layer of the sun-thick
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Layers of the Epidermis (outer layer)
- Basale (basal layer)
- Spinosum (Spiny layer)
- Granulosum (Granular layer)
- Lucidium (Clear layer)
- Corneum (Horny layer)
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Which layer of the epidermis is always making cells
Basal layer
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Which layer of the empidermis is "thick skin" and not everyone has it
Lucidium (clear layer)
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Four types of skin cells
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Langerhans
- Merkel
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Keratinocytes
Produce keratin (top most layer of the skin)
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Melanocytes
Produces melanin
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Langerhans cells
Antigen presenting cells (immune cells)
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Merkel Cells
Mechanoreceptors (feels, senses, touch)
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Layers of the Dermis
Papillary layer and Reticular layer
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Papillary Layer
- Very thin layer, forms finger prints.
- Ripped papillary layers results in strech marks
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Reticular layer
The larger layer, finbers in certain order, lines of cleavage
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Cutaneous glands
- Also called Skin Glands
- Located in the Dermis
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The three types of cutaneous glands
- Sebum (Sebaceous) glands-oil
- Odorous (Apocine) glands-odor
- Sweat (Merocine) glands-sweat
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Epidermal would healing
- No scare
- Only epidermis damanged
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Deep wong healing
- Went into dermis
- if cut is against the grain it will cause a scare
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Four funtcions of the skin
- Protection
- Sensation
- Excretion
- Thermoregulation
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Two parts of the brain that sense temp
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Heat promoting mechanisms
- Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
- Metabolic rate increases
- Shivering
- Enhanced thyroxin release
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Heat loss mechanisms
- Vasodilatation of blood vessels
- Enhanced sweating
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The three pigments of the skin
- Melanin
- Carotene
- Hemoaglobin
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Mealnin
- Yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment
- Responsible for dark skin colors
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Carotene
- Yellow to orange pigment
- Most obvious in the pamls and soles of the feet
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Hemoglobin
- Reddish pigment
- Responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin
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1st degree burn
Epidermis burned
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2nd degree burn
Epidermis burned and Dermis injured
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3rd degree burn
All layers burned
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Basal cell carcinoma
volcano shaped
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Squammous cell carcinoma
- Isolated island
- Small islands
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Ectoderm
Layer of the fetus that forms the epidermis
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Mesoderm
Layer of the fetus that forms the dermis and hypodermis
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Lanugo
Downy coat of delicate hairs covering the fetus
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Vernix Caseosa
Substance produced by sebaceous glands that protects the skin of the fetus in the amnion
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