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Pharyngeal aponeurosis
- Back wall of throat
- Extends from base of skull to behind the cricoid cartilage of the larynx
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Pharyngeal constrictors
- Sets of muscles that blend into pharyngeal aponeurosis which constrict or narrow the pharynx
- Origin: lateral areas of the pharynx
- Insertion: medial raphe
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Inferior constrictor
- thickest and strongest
- arises from area of cricoid and thyroid cartilages
- overlaps with the middle constrictor
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Middle constrictor
originates from area of hyoid and overlaps with superior constrictor
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Superior constrictor
- weakest of three
- arises from area of pterygoid plates
- superior most fibers forms a subgroup called prerygophyaryngeus
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Salpingopharyngeus
- Origin: bottom of the Eustachian tube, belnding into the palatopharyngeus
- Action: life the pharyngeal wall
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Actions to achieve velopharyngeal closiure
- Occurs when speaking and swallowing
- Velum moves up and back (levator veli palatini)
- Posterior pharyngeal wall moves forward to meet the velum (superior contrictor with the pterygopharyneus = Passavant's Pad)
- Laterak walls move medially to create a fairly complete seal (superior contrictor)
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