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Sinuses
- cavities that reduce the weight of a bone
- increases surface area
- affect voice quality
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Four main pairs of sinuses in head
- frontal sinuses
- maxilarry sinuses
- ethmoid sinuses
- mastoid air cells
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Frontal sinuses
are located in the frontal bone between the eyes
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Maxillary sinuses
are the largest set of sinuses
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Ethmoid sinuses
empty space within the bones
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Four main cavities in vocal tract:
- Buccal cavity
- Oral cavity
- Pharyngeal cavity
- Nasal cavity
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Buccal cavity
space between cheeks and gums
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Oral cavity
from teeth to the back of soft palate
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Pharyngeal cavity
makes up the throat
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Nasal cavity
the nostrils and portion of the pharynx behind nose
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Cupid's bow or the vermillion border
often referred to the shape of the upper lip
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Philtrum
medial, vertical gully between upper lip and nose
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Labial frenums
the internal medial surface of the upper lip and lower lips are band of tissue that attach each to the gums
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Waldeyer's ring
three sets of tonsils
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Three sets of tonsils:
- Palatal tonsils
- Pharyngeal tonsils
- Lingual tonsils
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Palatal tonsils
- located between the anterior and posterior faucial pillars
- the tonsils that most people refer to when they say "tonsils"
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Pharyngeal tonsils
- known as adenoids
- located in nasopharynx
- when enlarged, they may obstruct the opening of Eustachian tube, causing a mild-moderate conductive hearing loss
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Lingual tonsils
on the root of tongue
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