BSC2010final

Multicellular, eukaryotic, lacking flagella. Heterotrophic through absorption (generally saprobic). Reproduce by means of non-motile spores produced either asexually or sexually.

 Be familiar with the life cycles of the three major phyla of the fungi.

Kingdom Fungi's Divisions?

Black bread molds, Rhizopus (#23) Haploid hyphae, non-septate (no cross walls). Produce zygospores having a thick, protective coat that forms around the merging of hyphae (plasmogamy) from two separate individuals, which then form sporangium asexually.

Sac fungi: Yeasts (Saccharomyces (#21- budding) & Schizosaccharomyces ( #22)), red bread mold (Neurospora), Penicillium (#26- making antibiotics and cheeses), Aspergillus (#29), ergots, mildews, morels, cap fungi (Peziza #24). Septate hyphae. Produce an ascus, a finger-like projection which after karyogamy, meiosis and mitosis will produce 8 ascospores. These structures(some dikaryotic) may be found in the fruiting body. May also reproduce asexually by conidiospores (conidia).

Club fungi Mushrooms (Coprina #25), shelf fungi, puffballs, rusts and smuts Mycelium may be formed of hyphae that are dikaryotic (2 nuclei) which become a basidiocarp (fruiting body) that releases spores. Following karyogamy and meiosis the basidium produces 4 basidiospores each.

SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS?

Observe specimens (crustose, foliose, fruticose) and slide #27 shows 3 layers. Organisms formed by a symbiotic relationship between unique types of fungi and cyanobacteria or green algae. The relationship between the two is uncertain. Reproductive structures called soredia. The fungal component is extremely difficult to culture separately while the alga grows well alone

Mutualistic relationship between soil fungi (Phylum Glomeromycota) and plant roots. Fungus provides inorganic nutrients for the plant and the plant provides organic nutrients (carbohydrates, etc.) to the fungus. Endomycorrhiza = arbuscular mycorrhizae (#40)

-Mold
-Haploid hyphae
-Non-septate
-Produce Zygospores with thick protective coat to form around the merging of hyphae of 2 individuals to form Sporangium.

-Sac Fungi, Red Bread Mold, Ergots, Mildews, Morels, Cap fungi,
-Septate hyphae
-Produce Ascus; Finger-like projection holding 8 spores
-May be found in large fruiting bodies
-Produce asexually by conidiospores

-Club Fungi; mushroom
-Mycelium may form if dikaryotic(2 nuclei) hyphae to form basiocarp(mushroom) that relates spores.
-Meiosis produces 4 basidiospores per a basidum