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Multicellular, eukaryotic, lacking flagella. Heterotrophic through absorption (generally saprobic). Reproduce by means of non-motile spores produced either asexually or sexually.
Kingdom Fungi
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Be familiar with the life cycles of the three major phyla of the fungi.
Note that plasmogamy and karyogamy are separate events in those life cycles.
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Kingdom Fungi's Divisions?
Division Zygomycota, Division Ascomycota, Division Basidiomycota
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Black bread molds, Rhizopus (#23) Haploid hyphae, non-septate (no cross walls). Produce zygospores having a thick, protective coat that forms around the merging of hyphae (plasmogamy) from two separate individuals, which then form sporangium asexually.
Division Zygomycota
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Sac fungi: Yeasts (Saccharomyces (#21- budding) & Schizosaccharomyces ( #22)), red bread mold (Neurospora), Penicillium (#26- making antibiotics and cheeses), Aspergillus (#29), ergots, mildews, morels, cap fungi (Peziza #24). Septate hyphae. Produce an ascus, a finger-like projection which after karyogamy, meiosis and mitosis will produce 8 ascospores. These structures(some dikaryotic) may be found in the fruiting body. May also reproduce asexually by conidiospores (conidia).
Division Ascomycota
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Club fungi Mushrooms (Coprina #25), shelf fungi, puffballs, rusts and smuts Mycelium may be formed of hyphae that are dikaryotic (2 nuclei) which become a basidiocarp (fruiting body) that releases spores. Following karyogamy and meiosis the basidium produces 4 basidiospores each.
Division Basidiomycota
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SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS?
These are NOT taxonomic groups.
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Observe specimens (crustose, foliose, fruticose) and slide #27 shows 3 layers. Organisms formed by a symbiotic relationship between unique types of fungi and cyanobacteria or green algae. The relationship between the two is uncertain. Reproductive structures called soredia. The fungal component is extremely difficult to culture separately while the alga grows well alone
Lichens
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Mutualistic relationship between soil fungi (Phylum Glomeromycota) and plant roots. Fungus provides inorganic nutrients for the plant and the plant provides organic nutrients (carbohydrates, etc.) to the fungus. Endomycorrhiza = arbuscular mycorrhizae (#40)
Mycorrhizae
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Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Zygomycota
Black Bread Mold
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-Mold
-Haploid hyphae
-Non-septate
-Produce Zygospores with thick protective coat to form around the merging of hyphae of 2 individuals to form Sporangium.
Division Zygomycota
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Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Zygomycota
Black Bread Mold
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Black Bread Mold Life Cycle
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-Sac Fungi, Red Bread Mold, Ergots, Mildews, Morels, Cap fungi,
-Septate hyphae
-Produce Ascus; Finger-like projection holding 8 spores
-May be found in large fruiting bodies
-Produce asexually by conidiospores
Division Ascomycota
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- Kingdom- Fungi
- Division- Ascomycota
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Kingdom- Fungi
Division- Ascomycota
1.Saccharomyces sp.
2. Schizosaccharomyces sp.
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Kingdom- Fungi
Phylum- Ascomycota
Penicillium
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Kingdom- Fungi
Division - Ascomycota
Aspergillus sp.
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Kingdom- Fungi
Division - Ascomycota
Peziza sp.
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-Club Fungi; mushroom
-Mycelium may form if dikaryotic(2 nuclei) hyphae to form basiocarp(mushroom) that relates spores.
-Meiosis produces 4 basidiospores per a basidum
Phylum Basidomycota
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Kingdom- Fungi
Division- Basidomycota
Example: example of Basidocarps, Fruiting body
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Kingdom- Fungi
Division-Basidomycota
Coprina sp.
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Kingdom- Fungi
Division- Basidomycota
1. Basidia; small club-shaped structure formed by united hyphae of 2 separate mating types and are dikaryotic(2 nuclei).
2. 4 Basidiospores
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Symbiotic realationship
Lichens-Organisms formed by symbiotic realationship between unique types fungi and Cyanobacteria or Green Algae
- 1.Fruticose
- 2.Foliose
- 3.Crutose
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Lichen Slides
1.Ascomycota Fungi
2. Algae cells
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Mutualistic realationship
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Mycorrhizae- Between Soil, Fungi, and plant roots.
-Fungus provides Inorganic nutrients to the plants and the plants provide Organic nutrients to Fungus.
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Kingdom- Fungi
Mycorrhizae
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1. Ectomycorrhizae- Fungal hyphae DO NOT enter cell
2.Endomycorrhiae- Fungal hyphae actually penetrate the cells as in this fern root.
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