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Acute pain
pain that lasts only through the expected recovery period
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Allodynia
nonpainful stimuli that produces pain
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Agonist analgesic
pure opioid drugs that provide maximum pain inhibition
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Agonist-antagonist analygesic
can act like opioids and relieve pain when given to patient who has not taken any pure opioids
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Cancer pain
pain associated with the diseae, treatment, or other factor associated with cancer
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Central neuropathic pain
results from malfunctioning nerves in the central nervous system (spinal cord injury pain)
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Chronic pain
prolonged, usually recurring or lasting more than 3 months, interferes with functioning
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Coanalgesic
not classified as a pain medication but may reduce pain alone or in combination with other analgesics; may potentiate the effects of pain medications
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Dysesthesia
unpleasant, abnormal sensation that can be either spontaneous or evoked
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Effleurage
type of massage consisting of long, slow, gliding strokes
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Equianalgesia
refers to relative potency of various opioid analgesics compared to a standard dose of parenteral morphine
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Fifth vital sign
pain assessment
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Hyperalgesia
increased sensation of pain in response to a normally painful stimuli
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Mild pain
1-3 on a 0-10 scale
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Moderate pain
rated 4-6 on a 0-10 scale
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Nerve block
chemical interruption of a nerve pathway, effected by injecting a local anesthetic into the nerve
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Neuropathic pain
pain that is related to damaged or malfunctioning nervous tissue
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Nociception
physiological processes related to pain perception
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Nociceptive pain
experienced when an intact, properly functioning nervous system sends signals that tissues are damaged
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Nociceptors
specialized pain receptors
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
a nonopioid pain medication that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects
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Pain
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage
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Pain management
alleviation of pain or reduction in pain to a level of comfort that is acceptable to the patient
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Pain threshold
least amount of stimuli necessary for a person to label a sensation as pain
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Pain tolerance
the most pain an individual is willing or able to bear before taking evasive action
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Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
interactive method of pain management that permits patient to treat their pain by self-administering doses of analgesics
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Peripheral neuropathic pain
phantom limb pain
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Placebo
any medication that produces effect in a patient resulting in implicit or explicit intent, not from its physical or chemical properties
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Preemptive analgesia
administration of analgesia before surgery to decrease or relieve pain after surgery
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Pseudoaddiction
condition that results from the undertreatment of pain where the patient may become hyper-focused on obtaining medication
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Referred pain
pain that is felt in a site other than the location of its origin
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Severe pain
described as 7-10 on a scale of 0-10
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Somatic pain
originates in skin, muscles, bone, or connective tissue
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Sympathetically maintained pain
may occur with abnormal connections between pain fibers and the sympathetic nervous system perpetuate problems with pain and SNS functions
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Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
method of applying electrical stimulation directly over identified pain areas; stimulation through to block transmission of nociceptive impulse
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Visceral pain
pain arising from organs
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