-
Monadelphous
- stamens that have their filaments united in single group around the pistil
- Meliaceae
-
Hesperidium
a partitioned berry with a leathery, removable rind; e.g., Rutaceae
-
Schizocarp
- a dry dehiscent fruit that at maturity splits into two or more parts each with a
- single seed; e.g., Araliaceae
-
Infructescence
the arrangement of fruits on a branch system; e.g: Aralia spinosa
-
Genus and Species?
sparsely-branched large shrub/small tree, eastern U.S. (including throughout
NJ, even Pine Barrens), mostly wet/moist woods, swamps; not that common;
leaves-
pinnately
compound, 7-13 entire leaflets; *petiole, rachis and petiolules
usually reddish*, fall color orange to scarlet; *fruit-
ivory-white in open, pendent panicles*; twigs-
stout, yellowish brown, and usually mottled
- Vernix
- Toxicodendron
- Anacardiaeae
Poision Sumacs!
-
Genus and species?
poison-oak:
leaflets more conspicuously 3-7-lobed and pubescent than above; a suberect,
sparingly-branched shrub, rarely reaching 3’,
never climbs or forms aerial rootlets; dry woodlands in SE; uncommon; in dry,
sandy woods in NJ on Coastal Plain, rarely in the Pine Barrens
- Pubenscens
- Toxicodendron
- Anacardiaceae
- (posion oak)
-
Genus and Species?
deciduous
vine or small shrub, trifolialate
leaves,
turn red in fall; yellowish-white
fruit;
twigs
brownish, conspicuous lenticils
- Radicans
- Toxicodendron
- Anacardiaceae
-
Family?
Habit:
Trees, shrubs
Leaves:
Alternate, pinnately
compound, unifoliolate,
or simple, stipulate or estipulate
Flowers:
small, in large panicles, regular, 3- to 8-parted; pistils 2 to 5 separate,
ovaries superior; plants dioecious
or polygmous;
entomophilous
or ornithophilous
Fruit:
a capsule, drupe, berry or samara
- Simaroubaceae (Bitterwood family)
- Used commerically in insecticides and medicenes
-
Genus and Species?
Leaves:
deciduous, alternate, pinnately
compound, 1-2’, 13-25+ ovate-lanceolate
leaflets w/unequal or subcordate
bases, entire margins except for 1-5 rounded, basal teeth, each with a
prominent dark green gland beneath near the tooth apex
Flowers:
small, yellowish, in large, terminal panicles, late spring/summer, trees
usually dioecious
Fruit:
oblong, twisted samara, seed cavity in center
Naturalized throughout temperate N. America
- altissima
- Ailanthus
- Simaroubaceae
-
Habit:
Trees, shrubs
Leaves:
Deciduous or persistent; alternate; simple, unifoliolate,
pinnately
or bipinnately
compound, leaflets often oblique; estipulate
Flowers:
perfect or imperfect, regular, 4 to 5-parted, stamens 8 to 10 monadelphous;
pistil 1, superior; entomophilous
Fruit:
a capsule or drupe
Fine cabinet and furniture woods
Meliaceae (Mahogony Family)
-
Name a plant in the Meliaceae Family
Chinaberry
-
Family?
Leaves:
Deciduous or persistent; alternate or some opposite, mostly compound or unifoliolate,
with glandular-punctate dots, estipulate, aromatic with lemon-like odor when
crushed
Flowers:
usually regular, white or greenish, bixexual
or unisexual, 4 to 5-parted, stamens 8 to 10, pistil 1, superior; entomophilous
Fruit:
a drupe, follicle, samara, or hesperidium; pulp in citrus fruit derived from
enlarged hairs
Bittertasting, aromatic volatile oil
Horticulturally important
Rutaceae (Rue Family)
-
Genus and Species?
Habit:
Usually tall shrub (5-15’) can be small tree (30-40’);
all parts bitter and aromatic; purported to have medicinal qualities
(toothache, rheumatism, ulcers, colic); yellowish-brown wood, hence generic
name
Leaves:
Altn.,
pinnately
comp., tardily deciduous or evergreen; 6-8”,
with 5-11 leaflets, 1.5-2.5”in
length, ovate to oval; lustrous to waxy-shiny dark green above, lighter,
pubescent below; petiole prickly below, rachis sometimes w/prickles at node;
fall: scarlet and yellow-tinged
Flowers:
dioecious;
small, yellowish-green, many-branched racemes borne before the leaves
(April/May) from axils of previous year’s
growth
Fruit:
small, fleshy follicle produced in clusters; black, surface-pitted, 2-valved, dihescent;
enclosing shiny, reddish-brown to black seed, sometimes hanging from fruit by a
thread; July to Sept.
Twig:
stout; green, turning gray-green; sharp, scattered single spines; shield-shaped
leaf scars; rounded green to rusty red or brown, hairy terminal bud
Bark:
unique gray-brown, smooth w/large, spine-tipped corky pyrimidal
projections, losing spines w/age
- Americana
- Zanthozylum
- Rutaceae
Common Prickly Ash
-
Genus and Species?
Habit:
small, aromatic tree to 20’
and 6” dia.; widespread, divided into
several subspecies and varieties
Leaves:
deciduous, palmately
trifoliolate,
4 to 7”, leaflets 2-4”,
¼-2” wide, ovate, acuminate, entire or serrulate,
small punctate dots
Flowers:
greenish-white terminal panicles appearing with leaves, foul-smelling, carrion
flies pollinate
Fruit:
7/8” dia. yellow-brown round,
wafer-like samara in drooping clusters
- trifoliata
- Ptelea
- Rutaceae
- Common hoptree
-
Family?
Leaves:
alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, simple or pinnately
or palmately
compound and often very large; with and without stipules
Flowers:
perfect or imperfect, in a head, umbel, or panicle; 5-parted, ovary inferior; entomophilous
Fruit:
a berry, drupe or schizocarp
herbs, shrubs, trees and woody vines, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions
Ornamental and medicinal importance
Araliaceae (Ginseng family)
-
Genus and Species?
Habit:
shrub, small tree to 30’, 8”dia.;
trunk unbranched
or few branches w/straight, slender, sharp prickles; large, compound leaves
clustered near top; New England to FL, TX to WI, Ontario
Leaves:
alternate, mostly bipinnate
(3x), 24-60”; many ovate, serrulate
leaflets 1 ¼-4”, often with prickles beneath along
midrib
Flowers:
small, white, in large terminal panicles to 40”,
late summer
Fruit:
¼” dia. purplish-black berry, red
pedicels, infructescence
branches, persisting into winter
-
What genus and species is super important in the Araliaceae family?
Araliaceae Panax quinquefolius (ginseng)
-
2 genrea used for timbnrer and one cultivated in the Mediterrranian basin
Oleaceae (the Olive Family)
-
Genus?
Interspecific hybridization does occur
Leaves:
deciduous, opposite, odd-pinnately
compound, leaflets serrate or entire
Flowers:
perfect and/or imperfect, appearing in early spring before or with leaves;
calyx 4-lobed or lacking, corolla usually lacking; stamens 2-4, pistils 1; anemophilous
Fruit:
a 1-seeded samara w/an elongated wing; seed narrow, elongated
Twig:
slender to stout, glabrous to pubescent, terete
between nodes; terminal buds 1-3 pairs of scales; laterals smaller; leaf scars suborbicular
to semicircular, sometimes with upper edge notched; bundle scars numerous in an
open ‘u’-
or ‘v’-shaped
line
-
Family?
Habit:
arboresent,
medium-sized trees;
Leaves:
large, deciduous, usually opposite, rarely in whorls of 3; estipulate; entire
to dentate; underside pubescent
Flowers:
in large, terminal cymes; bilaterally symmetric; tubular corolla
Fruits:
dehiscent capsules, seed small, brown, ellipsoid with winged margins, either
brown or clear
Wood highly valued in Japan
Paulowniaceae
-
Family?
Economic and medicinal importance
Mostly herbs, some shrubs and few trees, mainly temperate
Used to contain Pauulownia
Scrophulariaceae (figwort family)
-
Genus and Species?
Habit:
medium-sized tree, 50-60’, to 24”
dia.
Leaves:
large, deciduous, opposite, heart-shaped; lower surface pubescent; soft to
touch
Flowers:
long, tubular with 5 unequal lobes, pale violet and fragrant, in erect
panicles, early spring before leaves
Fruit:
ovoid, dehiscent, 2-valved capsule w/small winged seeds; sticky, greenish,
turns dark brown/black and persists through winter
Vegetatively/superficially
resembles catalpa
- tomentose
- Paulownia
- Paulowniaceae
-
Family?
Leaves:
mostly deciduous, opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, simple or compound,
estipulate
Flowers:
perfect, usually large and showy, tubular, zygomorphic, 5-parted, ovary
superior; entomophilous
and ornithophilous
Fruit:
a capsule, or rarely berry-like, seeds usually winged
used ornamentally; fish bait, decay-resistant wood for fence posts, ties
Bignoniaceae (the trumpet-creeper family)
-
Genus?
Habit:
small- to medium-sized tree, 50-60’,
to 24” dia.
Leaves:
large, deciduous, opposite or whorled in threes, simple, long-petioled, heart-shaped, sometimes palmately
lobed, pubescent below
Flowers:
long and showy in many-flowered panicles or corymbs; corolla tubular, 2-lipped;
white, w/two yellow-orange stripes and purple to purple-brown spots and stripes
in throat, lobe; appearing after the leaves
Fruit:
long, slender, terete,
pendent, persistent, capsule, w/many flat, 2-winged seeds, fringed or tufted at
ends of opposing wings
-
Family?
Habit:
mostly trees and shrubs; vines and herbs
Leaves:
nearly always opposite and decussate, or whorled; petiolate
to sessile; gland-dotted or not; entire or serrate
Flowers:
small to medium, mostly 4- or 5-parted, borne mostly in cymes, panicles, heads
Fruit:
fleshy or non-fleshy, dehiscent or indehiscent, achene, nutlet,
drupelets, or a capsule, berry or drupe; seeds rarely winged
Rubiaceae (coffee or madder family)
-
Genus and Species?
Habit:
small shrub to 15’, densely-branched
Leaves:
opposite or in whorls of 3, oblong, entire, shiny bright to dark green, veins
lighter on underside, reddish petiole
Flowers:
perfect, white, tubular, in dense globose
heads at ends of branches in groups of 3-4; fragrant; mid- to late-summer
Fruit:
dense heads of small, angular, reddish-brown nutlets,
persisting through winter
Stems:
twigs roundish, glossy reddish to olive, or dull gray-brown; often corky
lenticels; terminal buds lacking; mature stems, gray-brown, shaggy and
exfoliating
- Occidentalis
- Cephalanthus
- Rubiaceae
Buttonbush
-
Family?
Habit:
Most shrubs and small trees, vines, rarely herbs
Leaves:
evergreen or deciduous, usually opposite, or whorled, petiolate,
simple, lamina dissected or entire; stipulate or estipulate
Flowers:
Irregular, slightly zygomorphic, usually bracteolate, fragrant; solitary,
axillary, or aggregated in cymes, spikes or heads, terminal or axillary; polygamomonoecious;
entomophilous
and ornithophilous
Fruit:
fleshy or non-fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent; capsule, or achene-like, berry,
or drupe
Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family)
-
What are the Monocot families?
- Poaceae
- Agavaceae
- Smilacaceae
- Arecaceae
-
-
What defines monocots?
-One cotyledon
- _
- Mostly parallel leaf venation
- _
- Flower parts typically in 3’s,
- seldom in 4’s, rarely in 5’s
- _
- Vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem
-
Family?
Evergreen
trees, shrubs and woody vines
Palms
usually unbranched
trunks, formed only by primary growth w/many scattered vascular bundles;
therefore no true wood or bark
Palm
family one of three most important, w/legumes and grasses: shelter,
construction materials, furniture, food, fiber, wax and oil
Arecaceae (The palm family)
-
Family?
Leaves:
persistent, alternate, often quite large, forming dense terminal rosettes,
long-petiolate
w/broad to tubular sheath that often splits into either pinnate, palmate, or
somewhat intermediate costa-palmate, or bipinnate
forms; petiole may or may not be prickly
Flowers:
small, fragrant, perfect or imperfect, regular, perianth
3- to 6-parted; panicle enclosed at first by large spathe;
entomophilous,
rarely anemophilous
Fruit:
a fleshy or fibrous drupe, usually 1-seeded
Arecaceae (The palm family)
-
Family?
perennial,
tree size (to 100’, 12”dia),
‘woody’,
but without secondary growth; stems
hollow in the internodes and green, yellow, brown, black or red; leaves:
alternate, sheathing at the base, flat, long, strap-like blades, mostly
distichous, often narrowed and jointed between the blade and sheath, deciduous
from this point; flowers:
lacking a perianth,
inconspicuous, but enclosed in bracts forming a conspicuous spikelet, which
forms a larger secondary inflorescence; anemophilous;
fruit:
a grain with a single seed
- Poaceae (Grass Family)
- Contains the bamboos
-
Family?
Uses:
papermaking, handicrafts, engineering, pipes, construction, walking sticks,
furniture, flooring, fishing poles, tools, mats, baskets, food (edible young
shoots); food, shelter for wildlife
9
genera cultivated in U.S. for ornamentals
Two
types: ‘clumping’
and ‘running’;
the latter can spread rapidly by rhizomes and can be difficult to contain
- Poaceae (Grass family )
- Contains the bamboos
-
Family?
Short-stemmed
herbs w/basal rosette or sparsely and irregularly branched trees with terminal
rosettes; leaves often stiff and succulent
Leaves:
alternate, forming a close spiral, simple, basal or apical in rosettes,
sheathing, usually fibrous, often succulent, stiff and sharp-pointed, narrow,
tapered and dagger- or sword-like, entire or prickly margined
Flowers:
perfect or imperfect, plants dioecious, mostly regular, 3-parted, ovary
superior or inferior; inflorescence usually a panicle; entomophilous,
ornithophilous
and/or bats
Fruit:
a capsule or berry
Agavaceae (the Century Plant family)
-
Family?
Habit:
shrubs, vines, herbs; perennial, rhizomatous or tuberous; tendrils from petiole
bases
Leaves:
simple, evergreen, mostly alternate, or opposite; usually leathery; petiolate;
rarely sheathing, may be fetid or not; entire, lanceolate
or ovate; one-veined or palmately
veined
Flower:
solitary or in cymes, racemes, spikes or umbels; regular, 3-parted; plants dioecious;
entomophilous
Fruit:
fleshy, usually 3-seeded berry
Smilacaceae ( The Catbrier Family)
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