Dendro Week 9

Monadelphous

Hesperidium

Schizocarp

Infructescence

Genus and Species?
sparsely-branched large shrub/small tree, eastern U.S. (including throughout
NJ, even Pine Barrens), mostly wet/moist woods, swamps; not that common;
leaves-
pinnately
compound, 7-13 entire leaflets; *petiole, rachis and petiolules
usually reddish*, fall color orange to scarlet; *fruit-
ivory-white in open, pendent panicles*; twigs-
stout, yellowish brown, and usually mottled

Genus and species?
poison-oak:
leaflets more conspicuously 3-7-lobed and pubescent than above; a suberect,
sparingly-branched shrub, rarely reaching 3’,
never climbs or forms aerial rootlets; dry woodlands in SE; uncommon; in dry,
sandy woods in NJ on Coastal Plain, rarely in the Pine Barrens

Genus and Species? 
deciduous
vine or small shrub, trifolialate
leaves,
turn red in fall; yellowish-white
fruit;
twigs
brownish, conspicuous lenticils

Family?

Habit:
Trees, shrubs

Leaves:
Alternate, pinnately
compound, unifoliolate,
or simple, stipulate or estipulate

Flowers:
small, in large panicles, regular, 3- to 8-parted; pistils 2 to 5 separate,
ovaries superior; plants dioecious
or polygmous;
entomophilous
or ornithophilous

Fruit:
a capsule, drupe, berry or samara

Genus and Species?

Leaves:
deciduous, alternate, pinnately
compound, 1-2’, 13-25+ ovate-lanceolate
leaflets w/unequal or subcordate
bases, entire margins except for 1-5 rounded, basal teeth, each with a
prominent dark green gland beneath near the tooth apex

Flowers:
small, yellowish, in large, terminal panicles, late spring/summer, trees
usually dioecious

Fruit:
oblong, twisted samara, seed cavity in center

Naturalized throughout temperate N. America

Habit:
Trees, shrubs

Leaves:
Deciduous or persistent; alternate; simple, unifoliolate,
pinnately
or bipinnately
compound, leaflets often oblique; estipulate

Flowers:
perfect or imperfect, regular, 4 to 5-parted, stamens 8 to 10 monadelphous;
pistil 1, superior; entomophilous

Fruit:
a capsule or drupe

Fine cabinet and furniture woods

Name a plant in the Meliaceae Family

Family?
Leaves:
Deciduous or persistent; alternate or some opposite, mostly compound or unifoliolate,
with glandular-punctate dots, estipulate, aromatic with lemon-like odor when
crushed

Flowers:
usually regular, white or greenish, bixexual
or unisexual, 4 to 5-parted, stamens 8 to 10, pistil 1, superior; entomophilous

Fruit:
a drupe, follicle, samara, or hesperidium; pulp in citrus fruit derived from
enlarged hairs

Bittertasting, aromatic volatile oil
Horticulturally important

Genus and Species?
Habit:
Usually tall shrub (5-15’) can be small tree (30-40’);
all parts bitter and aromatic; purported to have medicinal qualities
(toothache, rheumatism, ulcers, colic); yellowish-brown wood, hence generic
name

Leaves:
Altn.,
pinnately
comp., tardily deciduous or evergreen; 6-8”,
with 5-11 leaflets, 1.5-2.5”in
length, ovate to oval; lustrous to waxy-shiny dark green above, lighter,
pubescent below; petiole prickly below, rachis sometimes w/prickles at node;
fall: scarlet and yellow-tinged

Flowers:
dioecious;
small, yellowish-green, many-branched racemes borne before the leaves
(April/May) from axils of previous year’s
growth

Fruit:
small, fleshy follicle produced in clusters; black, surface-pitted, 2-valved, dihescent;
enclosing shiny, reddish-brown to black seed, sometimes hanging from fruit by a
thread; July to Sept.

Twig:
stout; green, turning gray-green; sharp, scattered single spines; shield-shaped
leaf scars; rounded green to rusty red or brown, hairy terminal bud

Bark:
unique gray-brown, smooth w/large, spine-tipped corky pyrimidal
projections, losing spines w/age

Genus and Species?

Habit:
small, aromatic tree to 20’
and 6” dia.; widespread, divided into
several subspecies and varieties

Leaves:
deciduous, palmately
trifoliolate,
4 to 7”, leaflets 2-4”,
¼-2” wide, ovate, acuminate, entire or serrulate,
small punctate dots

Flowers:
greenish-white terminal panicles appearing with leaves, foul-smelling, carrion
flies pollinate

Fruit:
7/8” dia. yellow-brown round,
wafer-like samara in drooping clusters

Family? 
Leaves:
alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, simple or pinnately
or palmately
compound and often very large; with and without stipules

Flowers:
perfect or imperfect, in a head, umbel, or panicle; 5-parted, ovary inferior; entomophilous

Fruit:
a berry, drupe or schizocarp

herbs, shrubs, trees and woody vines, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions

Ornamental and medicinal importance

Genus and Species?
Habit:
shrub, small tree to 30’, 8”dia.;
trunk unbranched
or few branches w/straight, slender, sharp prickles; large, compound leaves
clustered near top; New England to FL, TX to WI, Ontario

Leaves:
alternate, mostly bipinnate
(3x), 24-60”; many ovate, serrulate
leaflets 1 ¼-4”, often with prickles beneath along
midrib

Flowers:
small, white, in large terminal panicles to 40”,
late summer

Fruit:
¼” dia. purplish-black berry, red
pedicels, infructescence
branches, persisting into winter

What genus and species is super important in the Araliaceae family?

2 genrea used for timbnrer and one cultivated in the Mediterrranian basin

Genus?
Interspecific hybridization does occur

Leaves:
deciduous, opposite, odd-pinnately
compound, leaflets serrate or entire

Flowers:
perfect and/or imperfect, appearing in early spring before or with leaves;
calyx 4-lobed or lacking, corolla usually lacking; stamens 2-4, pistils 1; anemophilous

Fruit:
a 1-seeded samara w/an elongated wing; seed narrow, elongated

Twig:
slender to stout, glabrous to pubescent, terete
between nodes; terminal buds 1-3 pairs of scales; laterals smaller; leaf scars suborbicular
to semicircular, sometimes with upper edge notched; bundle scars numerous in an
open ‘u’-
or ‘v’-shaped
line

Family?

Habit:
arboresent,
medium-sized trees;

Leaves:
large, deciduous, usually opposite, rarely in whorls of 3; estipulate; entire
to dentate; underside pubescent

Flowers:
in large, terminal cymes; bilaterally symmetric; tubular corolla

Fruits:
dehiscent capsules, seed small, brown, ellipsoid with winged margins, either
brown or clear

Wood highly valued in Japan

Family?
Economic and medicinal importance
Mostly herbs, some shrubs and few trees, mainly temperate
Used to contain Pauulownia

Genus and Species?

Habit:
medium-sized tree, 50-60’, to 24”
dia.

Leaves:
large, deciduous, opposite, heart-shaped; lower surface pubescent; soft to
touch

Flowers:
long, tubular with 5 unequal lobes, pale violet and fragrant, in erect
panicles, early spring before leaves

Fruit:
ovoid, dehiscent, 2-valved capsule w/small winged seeds; sticky, greenish,
turns dark brown/black and persists through winter

Vegetatively/superficially
resembles catalpa

Family? 

Leaves:
mostly deciduous, opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, simple or compound,
estipulate

Flowers:
perfect, usually large and showy, tubular, zygomorphic, 5-parted, ovary
superior; entomophilous
and ornithophilous

Fruit:
a capsule, or rarely berry-like, seeds usually winged

used ornamentally; fish bait, decay-resistant wood for fence posts, ties

Genus?

Habit:
small- to medium-sized tree, 50-60’,
to 24” dia.

Leaves:
large, deciduous, opposite or whorled in threes, simple, long-petioled,  heart-shaped, sometimes palmately
lobed, pubescent below

Flowers:
long and showy in many-flowered panicles or corymbs; corolla tubular, 2-lipped;
white, w/two yellow-orange stripes and purple to purple-brown spots and stripes
in throat, lobe; appearing after the leaves

Fruit:
long, slender, terete,
pendent, persistent, capsule, w/many flat, 2-winged seeds, fringed or tufted at
ends of opposing wings

Family?
Habit:
mostly trees and shrubs; vines and herbs

Leaves:
nearly always opposite and decussate, or whorled; petiolate
to sessile; gland-dotted or not; entire or serrate

Flowers:
small to medium, mostly 4- or 5-parted, borne mostly in cymes, panicles, heads

Fruit:
fleshy or non-fleshy, dehiscent or indehiscent, achene, nutlet,
drupelets, or a capsule, berry or drupe; seeds rarely winged

Genus and Species?

Habit:
small shrub to 15’, densely-branched

Leaves:
opposite or in whorls of 3, oblong, entire, shiny bright to dark green, veins
lighter on underside, reddish petiole

Flowers:
perfect, white, tubular, in dense globose
heads at ends of branches in groups of 3-4; fragrant; mid- to late-summer

Fruit:
dense heads of small, angular, reddish-brown nutlets,
persisting through winter

Stems:
twigs roundish, glossy reddish to olive, or dull gray-brown; often corky
lenticels; terminal buds lacking; mature stems, gray-brown, shaggy and
exfoliating

Family?
Habit:
Most shrubs and small trees, vines, rarely herbs

Leaves:
evergreen or deciduous, usually opposite, or whorled, petiolate,
simple, lamina dissected or entire; stipulate or estipulate

Flowers:
Irregular, slightly zygomorphic, usually bracteolate, fragrant; solitary,
axillary, or aggregated in cymes, spikes or heads, terminal or axillary; polygamomonoecious;
entomophilous
and ornithophilous

Fruit:
fleshy or non-fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent; capsule, or achene-like, berry,
or drupe

What are the Monocot families?

Liliopsida?

What defines monocots?

Family?

Evergreen
trees, shrubs and woody vines

Palms
usually unbranched
trunks, formed only by primary growth w/many scattered vascular bundles;
therefore no true wood or bark

Palm
family one of three most important, w/legumes and grasses: shelter,
construction materials, furniture, food, fiber, wax and oil

Family?

Leaves:
persistent, alternate, often quite large, forming dense terminal rosettes,
long-petiolate
w/broad to tubular sheath that often splits into either pinnate, palmate, or
somewhat intermediate costa-palmate, or bipinnate
forms; petiole may or may not be prickly

Flowers:
small, fragrant, perfect or imperfect, regular, perianth
3- to 6-parted; panicle enclosed at first by large spathe;
entomophilous,
rarely anemophilous

Fruit:
a fleshy or fibrous drupe, usually 1-seeded

Family?
perennial,
tree size (to 100’, 12”dia),
‘woody’,
but without secondary growth; stems
hollow in the internodes and green, yellow, brown, black or red; leaves:
alternate, sheathing at the base, flat, long, strap-like blades, mostly
distichous, often narrowed and jointed between the blade and sheath, deciduous
from this point; flowers:
lacking a perianth,
inconspicuous, but enclosed in bracts forming a conspicuous spikelet, which
forms a larger secondary inflorescence; anemophilous;
fruit:
a grain with a single seed

Family?

Uses:
papermaking, handicrafts, engineering, pipes, construction, walking sticks,
furniture, flooring, fishing poles, tools, mats, baskets, food (edible young
shoots); food, shelter for wildlife

9
genera cultivated in U.S. for ornamentals

Two
types: ‘clumping’
and ‘running’;
the latter can spread rapidly by rhizomes and can be difficult to contain  

Family?
Short-stemmed
herbs w/basal rosette or sparsely and irregularly branched trees with terminal
rosettes; leaves often stiff and succulent

Leaves:
alternate, forming a close spiral, simple, basal or apical in rosettes,
sheathing, usually fibrous, often succulent, stiff and sharp-pointed, narrow,
tapered and dagger- or sword-like, entire or prickly margined

Flowers:
perfect or imperfect, plants dioecious, mostly regular, 3-parted, ovary
superior or inferior; inflorescence usually a panicle; entomophilous,
ornithophilous
and/or bats

Fruit:
a capsule or berry

Family?
Habit:
shrubs, vines, herbs; perennial, rhizomatous or tuberous; tendrils from petiole
bases

Leaves:
simple, evergreen, mostly alternate, or opposite; usually leathery; petiolate;
rarely sheathing, may be fetid or not; entire, lanceolate
or ovate; one-veined or palmately
veined
Flower:
solitary or in cymes, racemes, spikes or umbels; regular, 3-parted; plants dioecious;
entomophilous

Fruit:
fleshy, usually 3-seeded berry