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efrain12
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Amygdala is necessary for..
learning and recalling for pavlovian conditioning
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Intrumental conditioning
-repeated trals ineffective responses occurred less frequently and effective responses occurred more frequently
*experiment: cats needed less time to escape from puzzle box
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Thordlike: Law of Effect (3)
- -succesful responses were stamped in by the experience, ocurred more frequently
- *satisfying consequences
-Unsuccessful responses, those producing annoying consequences were stamped out and occured less frequently
***some consequences streghtened behavior and some consequences weakened behavior
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(B.F Skinner) Reinforcement
increases the probability that a behavior will occur
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(B.F Skinner) Punishment
decreases the probability that a behavior will occur
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2 important areas for dopamine
tegmental field area and substantia nigra
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Dopamine is important for...
reward and reinforcement
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WHats nuclues accumbens important for?
its just as important as dopamine for behaviors directed at rewards
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COnditioned place preference and Dopamine
rats were given drugs that stimulated dopamine in dark side and saline shot on the brighter side.
*rats would prefer to hangout in the dark
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Abusing drugs causes the release of
dopamine
**all types
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experiment: if dopamine receptors are blocked...
less activiation of the levers will happen
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Substance abuse definiton
maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by 3 or more symsptoms occuring at any time in the same 12 month span...
***DSM-IV
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Characteristics of substance abuse (1-3)
-substance is taken in larger amounts or oveer longer period of time than intended
-persistent desire or unscucesful efforts to cut down or control substance abuse
-great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substances, use substance, or recover from its effects
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Characteristics of substance abuse (4-5)
-important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced becuase of substance abuse
-continued use of subtsnce despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent osychological or physical problem hat is caused by the substance
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Tolerance DSM IV
-need for greater amount of the substance in order to acheive intoxication or desired effect
-markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount
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Withdrawal DSM IV
characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance
-the same or closely related to sybstance take to releive or avoid withdrawal symotoms
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(effect of prolonged drug use) tolerance
-decrease in sensitivity to a drug as a result of exposure to it
*same drug more doses to feel same way
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2 types of tolerance
metabolic and functional
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(tolerance) Metabolic
body takes action to limit the amount of durg that reaches the site of action
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(tolerance) Functional
once drug reaches its site of action, it no longer produces the same magnitude of effect
*less cascade of events will occur as the drug is repeeatedly used
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