The flashcards below were created by user
squirty99
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Valence electrons
have the highest energy level and held most loosely
-
Valence electrons determine
many properties of that element, including ways in which atom can bond to other atoms
-
What is the range of valence electrons an atom can have?
1-8
-
Electron dot diagram
each dot stands for one valence electron
-
How many valence electrons make an atom most stable
-
Unreactive elements with high valence electrons do not easlily form_____
compounds
-
Chemical bond
force of attraction that holds 2 atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them.
-
Atoms react to make each atom more stable in one of 2 ways
- 1. the number of valence electrons increases to 8
- 2. the atom gives up loosely held valence electrons
-
When atoms bond, one of two things happens witht the electrons
- 1. electrons may be transferred from one atom to another
- 2. electrons may be shared between the atoms
- Both result in a chemical reaction where a new substance forms
-
Elements within a group or column of the periodic table have what in common?
the same number of valence electrons
-
Why do elements within the same group have similar properties
they have the same number of valence electrons
-
Noble Gases group # and valence electron #
- 1. group 18 elements
- 2. 8 except helium has 2
- STABLE
-
Halogens - group # and # of valence electrons
-
What elements do halogens react with and how
easily react with elements that can give up or share electrons
-
Alkali Metals group # and how many electrons
- group 1
- only 1 valence electron
-
Are alkali metals reactive? Why?
Very, they can become stable by losing their one valence eletron
-
Groups of metals and reactivity pattern
- Groups 1-12
- reactivity of metals decreases from left to right
- Groups 1-2: reactivity increases from top to bottom
-
Green section of periodic table is what, and most act like what at room temp
-
Zigzag line between metal and nonmetals and range of electrons
- Metalloids
- 3-6
- can behave as metals or nonmetals
-
Hydrogen - # of ve's, classification
Reactive yes or no
- Only one valence electron
- Non metal
- reactive
-
Most reactive element known
fluorine, can even combine with noble gases
-
Ion
- Atom with electric charge
- gaining an electron - negative
- loses electron - positive
-
Polyatomic ions
made of more than one atom
-
Ionic bond
attraction between 2 oppositely charged ion. Forms as a result of the attraction between positive and negative ions
-
Ionic compound
consists of positive and negative ions such as sodium chloride
-
Chemical formula
combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound.
-
when ionic compounds form what happens
- ions come together in a way that balances out the charges on the ions
- chemical formula for the compound reflects its balance
-
subscript
tells ratio of elements in the compound
-
what comes first in ionic compound name
positive ion, then negative
-
Ionic Compounds characteristics in general
hard brittle crystals that have high melting points and conduct electricity when dissolved in water
-
crystal
Orderly 3D arrangement
-
covalent bond
chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons
-
what type of atoms usually form covalent bonds
nonmetals
-
what is the force that holds atoms together in cb?
attraction of each atom's nucleus for the shared pair of electrons
-
molecule
neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds
-
double bond
when 2 atoms share 2 pair of electrons
-
triple bond
when atoms share 3 pairs of electrons
-
molecular compound
composed of molecules and contains atoms that are covalently bonded
-
molecular compound characteristics
- lower melting and boiling points
- do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water
- than ionic compounds
-
polar bond
covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally
-
non polar bond
shared equally
-
Columns on the periodic table are called
Groups or families
-
Columns in periodic table have what characteristic
Similar propeties
-
Most metals are NOT
liquid at room temperature!
- They ARE
- malleable
- reactive
- magnetic (most are)
- shiny
- ductile
- conductive
-
the destruction of metal by reacting to oxygen in the air and forming reddish brown rust is called
corrosion
-
Which group contains the most elements?
Metals
-
The elements that do not usually form compounds are
Noble gases
-
Magnesium bromide is an ionic compound with the chemical formula MgBr2. What does the 2 tell you
There are 2 bromide ions for every magnesium ions
-
A chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons is called
covalent bond
-
Where are metals located on periodic table
to the left of zigzag line
-
How do metals react
by losing electrons
-
Are alkali metals ever found uncombined in nature
No
-
Properites of Alkaline Metals
- never uncombined in nature
- soft shiny
- very reactive
- lose one electron
-
Alkaline Earth Metals
- Fairly hard
- Gray white
- Lose 2 electrons
- Good conductor
- Less reactive than group 1 but more than to the right
- never uncombined
-
What groups do ionic bonds form between
metals and nonmetals
-
covalent compounds form between what group
Non metals
|
|