psych chapter 14

the treatment of emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage understanding of problems and modify troubling feelings, behaviors, or relationships

the use of medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical treatments to treat the symptoms associated with psychological disorders

drugs that are used to treat psychological or mental disorders

a type of psychotherapy originated by Sigmund Freud in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts

pushed out of conscious awareness

the sudden realization of how a problem can be solve

a technique used in psychoanalysis in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they come to mind, as a way of revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions

in psychoanalysis, the patient's unconscious attempts to block the revelation of repressed memories and conflicts

a technique used in psychoanalysis in which the content of the dreams is analyzed for disguised or symbolic wishes, meanings, and motivations

a technique used in psychoanalysis in which the psychoanalyst offers a carefully timed explanation of the patient's dreams, free associations, or behaviors to facilitate the recognition of unconscious conflicts or motivations

in psychoanalysis, the process by which emotions and desires originally associated with a significant person in the patient's life, such as a parent, are unconsciously transferred to the psychoanalyst

type of psychotherapy that is based on psychoanalytic theory but differs in that it is typically time-limited, has specific goals, and involves an active, rather than neutral, role for the therapist

a brief, psychodynamic psychotherapy that focuses on current relationships and is based on the assumption that symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems

problems dealing with the death of significant others

repetitive conflicts with significant others

problems involving major life changes

absent or faulty social skills that limit the ability to start or maintain healthy relationships with others

Emphasizes human potential, self-awareness, and freedom of choice

a type of psychotherapy developed by humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers in which the therapist is nondirective and reflective, and the client directs the focus of each therapy session

the therapist honestly and openly shares thoughts and feelings with the client

the therapist accepts, values, and cares for the clients, regardless of problems or behavior

the therapist reflects the content and personal meanings of the feelings being experienced by the client

acceptance by significant others is based on conforming to their expectations

the realization of a person's unique potentials and talent

More directive than traditional client centered therapy, it is designed to help clients overcome mixed feelings or reluctance to commit to change

a type of psychotherapy that focuses on directly changing maladaptive behavior patterns by using basic learning principles and techniques

a behavior therapy technique based on classical conditioning that involves modifying behavior by conditioning a new response that is incompatible with a previously learned response

social imitation, in the context of Mary Cover Jones' experiment

a type of behavior therapy in which phobic responses are reduced by pairing relaxation with a series of mental images or real-life situations that the person finds progressively more fear-provoking; based on the principle of counterconditioning

first step in systematic desensitization; successively relaxing one muscle group after another until a deep state of relaxation is achieved

second step in systematic desensitization, listing anxiety-provoking images associated with the feared situation in order from least to most anxiety producing

third step in systematic desensitization, developing an image of a relaxing scene

a relatively ineffective type of behavior therapy that involves repeatedly pairing an aversive stimulus with the occurence of undesirable thoughts or behaviors

a medication used in aversive therapy for alcoholism, induces extreme nausea in a person if they drink alcohol while on this drug

involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior

used to increase the incidence of desired behaviors

the absence of reinforcement, used to reduce the occurrence of undesired behaviors

how often each problem occurred before treatment began

a form of behavior therapy in which the therapeutic environment is structured to reward desired behaviors with tokens or points that may eventually be exchanged for tangible rewards

a group of psychotherapies based on the assumption that psychological problems are due to illogical patterns of thinking; treatment techniques focus on recognizing and altering these unhealthy thinking patterns

a group of psychotherapies based on the assumption that psychological problems are due to illogical patterns of thinking; treatment techniques focus on recognizing and altering these unhealthy thinking patterns

a type of cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs

• An Activating event occurs (A)
• The person's Beliefs (B)
• about the event cause emotional Consequences (C)

therapy developed by Aaron T Beck that focuses on changing the client's unrealistic and maladaptive beliefs

therapy that integrates cognitive and behavioral techniques and that is based on the assumption that thoughts, moods, and behaviors are interrelated

a form of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapists working simultaneously with a small group of clients

similary to group therapy, conducted by nonprofessionals

a form of psychotherapy that is based on the assumptions that the family is a system and that treats the family as a unit

therapy is conducted with any couple in a committed relationship

based on the assumption that couples are satisfied when they experience more reinforcement than punishment in the relationship

some people eventually improve just with the passage of time

to combine and interprest the results of large numbers of sudy, pooling the results of several studies into a single analysis, creating one large study that can reveal overall trends in the data

psychotherapy approaches based on known psychological principles that have been subjected to controlled scientific trials and have demonstrated their effectiveness in helping people with psychological problems

therapy technique in which the client holds a vivid mental image of a troubling event or situation while rapidly moving his or her eyes back and forth in response to the therapists waving finger or while the therapist administers some other form of bilateral stimulation, such as sounding tones in alternate earsars

behavioral therapy for phobias, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, or related anxiety disorders in which the person is repeatedly exposed to the disturbing object or situation under controlled conditions

the pragmatic and integrated use of techniques from different psychotherapies

also uses multiple approaches to therapy, but tends to blend them together rather than choosing different approaches for different clients

drugs that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to treat psychological or mental disorders

prescription drugs that are used to reduce psychotic symptoms; frequently used in the treatement of schizophrenia; also called neuroleptics

newer antipsychotic medications that, in contrast to the early antipsychotic drugs, block dopamine receptors in brain regions associated with psychotic symptoms rather than more globally throughout the brain, resulting in fewer side effects

prescription drugs that are used to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety

a naturally occurring substance that is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder

prescription drugs that are used to reduce the symptoms associated with depression

class of antidepressant medications that increase the availability of serotonin in the brain and cause fewer side effects than earlier antidepressants; they include Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft

a biomedical therapy used primarily in the treatement of depression that involves electrically inducing a brief brian seizure; also called electroshock therapy