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pathophysiology test 4
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most common cause of PD
idopathic
3 clinical classifications of PD
idopathic
symptomatic
as part of a neuronal degenerate disorder
main component of neuronal dengerate disorder
diffuse lewy body disease
6 causes of symptomatic PD
post-encephalitis
drug induced
toxic
traumatic
atherosclerotic
normal pressure hydrocephalus
2 main anatomical areas involved in PD
substantia nigra pars compacta
cerebral cortex
DA neurons start in SN and synapse onto neurons in what 2 places
caudate
putamen
what % of DA containing neurons of the SN are gone before symptoms appear
60-80%
what makes the brown pigment in the SN
neuromelanin
how is neuromelanin produced
catabolism of dopamine
major component of lewy bodies
alpha synuclein
what are you staining antibodies against in lewy bodies
ubiquitin
what does eosinic mean in lewy bodies
stains with eosin, so they will look pink
early or late onset
dementia more prevalent
severity of dopamine loss
infiltration of lewy bodies
late
early
late
what stimulates the dopaminergic neuron in the substantia nigra
GABA
3 other changes in PD
CSF - decreased alpha-synuclein
hyposmia - decreased olfaction
sleep problems - another early sign
are most cases of PD genetic or sporadic
sproadic - 4/5 disease-causing loci mutations in 3 genes and several allelic associations
6 demographics of PD
males=females
60,000 new cases/year
1.5M americans have
usually develops after the age of 65
1% of population over 50
2nd most common neurodegenerative disease after alzheimers
how is PD mainly diagnosed
signs and symptoms
what drugs can cause 2ndary parkinsonism
neuroleptics (antipsychotics)
metoclopramide
step 1 of Dx parkinsonian syndrome
bradykinesia
at least one
muscular rigidity
4-6 Hz rest tremor
postural instability
step 3. 10 supportive prospective positive criteria which there needs to be 3 or more for diagnosis of definite PD
unilateral onset
rest tremor present
progressive disorder
persistent asymmetry affecting the side onset most
excellent response to L-dopa
severe L-dopa induced chorea
L-dopa response for 5 yrs or more
clinical course of 10 yrs or more
hyposmia
visual hallucination
3 surgery treatments of PD
stem cells
anatomical surgeries
deep brain stimulation
3 complications associated with immobility in PD
pneumonia
urosepsis
venous thrombosis with pulmonary embolization
Author
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ID
185980
Card Set
pathophysiology test 4
Description
parkinsons
Updated
11/29/2012, 4:10:41 AM
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