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DesLee26
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a. The continuity of cell life is based on __, or reproduction of cells
cell division
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a. Cell Division roles
- i. Division of one prokaryotic cell reproduces entire organism, as is for unicellular eukaryote
- ii. Development of multicellular eukaryotes from single cell
- iii. Renewal and repair; replacement
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a. __: life of a cell from the time it is formed from dividing parent cell until own division into two daughter cells
i. Passing identical genetic material is crucial
Cell cycle:
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a. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, most cell division involves distribution of __—to two daughter cells
b. Cellular Organization
i. Cells’ genetic info= __
1. Eukaryotes have a lot of __ with enormous lengths
- identical genetic material—DNA
- genome
- DNA molecules
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i. Replication and distribution is managed because DNA molecules are packaged into __
1. Each contains __ and __
a. DNA molecule carries thousands of genes, which are __.
b. Associated proteins do what?
- chromosomes
- one DNA and associated proteins
- the units of information that specify an organism’s inherited traits
- maintain structure of the chromosomes and help control activity of genes
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1. Together the entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes is __, which varies in its degree of __during cell division
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i.
Eukaryotes have __chromosomes
1.
Human somatic cells (all except
reproductive cells) have __(__ set[s] of __; one from each parent)
2.
Reproductive cells, or __,
have half that of somatic (__in humans)]
- characteristicnumber of
- 46
- 2
- 23
- gametes
- 23
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a. Distribution During Eukaryotic Cell Division
i. When cell not dividing, and even as it prepares to replicate, each chromosome is in form of __ fiber
ii. After DNA replication, the chromosomes __as part of cell division:
1. What happens to each chromatin fiber?
- long, thin chromatin
- condense
- Each chromatin fiber becomes densely coiled and folded, making chromosomes shorter and thicker
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i. Each duplicated chromosome has __, which are joined copies of the original chromosome
1. The two __, each having an identical DNA molecule, are attached all along their lengths by protein complexes called __, called__
- two sister chromatids
- chromatids
- cohesins
- sister chromatid cohesion
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1. Each sister chromatid has a __, a region containing specific DNA sequences where the chromatid is attached most closely to sister
a. Attachment mediated by proteins bound to the c__ and gives condensed, duplicated chromosome a narrow waist
2. Part on either side of chromatid is __
- centromere
- entromeric DNA sequences
- arm
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i. Later in cell division process, two sister chromatids separate and move into two new __, one forming at each end
1. Separation= no longer sisters, but individual __
a. Each new nucleus receives a collection of chromosomes identical to that of the parent cell
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a. c__: division of the genetic material in the nucleus
b. __: division of the cytoplasm
c. Chromosome Number
i. Inherit __chromosomes, __from each parent, which combined in nucleus of cell when __ and __ form __
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
- 46
- 23
- sperm and egg formed zygote
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a. __and __produce __ cells and generate new cells to replace the dead and damaged ones
b. __are produced in __, which yields nonidentical daughter cells with only one set of chromosomes
i. Occurs in __and reduces chromosome number from __ to __
- Mitosis
- cytokinesis
- somatic
- Gametes
- meiosis
- gonads
- 46 to 23
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a.
__fuses two gametes and
returns chromosome number to __, and __conserves that number
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