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evolutionary development of rostral to caudal
cephalization
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3 primary vesicles that form at the anterior end
prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon
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Prosencephalon becomes the what secondary vesicles
telencephalon and diencephalon
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the Mesencephalon becomes the what secondary vesicles
remains the same
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the rhombencephalon becomes the what secondary vescicles
metencephalon and myelencephalon
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the telencephalon becomes
cerebral hemishpheres
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the diencephalon becomes the
epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus and retina
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the mesencephalon becomes the
midbrain
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THE metencephalon becomes the
pons and cerebellum
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myelencephalon becomes
medulla oblongata
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the central cavity of the neural tube becomes what
ventricles
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what are the four adult brain regions
cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem(midbrain, pons and medulla) cerebellum
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the outer layer of the brain is white or gray matter and what is it called
gray matter, cortex
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what is the scattered gray matter amid the white matter in the brain
nuclei
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the lateral and third ventrical are connected by what
interventricular foramen
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the third ventricla and the fourth ventrical are connected by what
cerebral aqueduct
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the c-shaped ventrical in the hemishperes are separtated by what
septum pellucidum
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the fourth ventrical has three openings what are they called
paired of lateral spertures and median apertur in roof
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the fulid filled space of the brain
subarachnoid space
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the ridges of the brain
gyri
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the shallow grooves of the brain
sulci
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the deep grooves of the brain
fissure
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this separates the two hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
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this separates the cerebrum and cerebellum
transverse cerebral fissure
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whart are the five lobes of the brain
- frontal
- parietal
- temperal
- occipital
- insula
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this separates the precentral hyrus of the frontal lobe and the postcentral gyrus of the of the parietal lobe
central sulcus
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this separates the occipital and parietal lobes
parieto-occipital sulcus
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what are the three basic regions of the brain
- cerebral cortex - gray matter superficialy
- white matter - internally
- basal nuclei - deep within white matter
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this is the site of conscius mind - awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory, storage, and understanding
cerebral cortex
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what is the three functional areas of the cerebral cortex
- motor areas
- sensory areas
- association areas
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this functional area controls voluntary movement
motor areas
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this functional area is the conscious awareness of sensation
sensory areas
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this functional area integrates diverse information
association areas
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each hemisphere is concerned with the opp. side of the body
contralateral
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does conscious behavior involves the entire cortex
yes in some way
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this area allows conscious contral of precise, skilled, skeletal muscle movements
primary motor cortex
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helps plan movements, staging area for skilled motor activites
controls learned, repetitous or patterned motro skills, corrdinates simultaneous or sequential actions, controls voluntary actions that depend on sensory feedback
premotor cortex
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this is present in one hemisphere(usually the left)
motor speech area that directs muscles of speech production
active in plannign speech and voluntary motro activites
broca's area
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controls voluntary eye movements
frontal eye field
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this recieves general sensory information form skin, and proprioceptors
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