Sports Med. - Knee

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  1. 3 Joints of Knee
    • - tibiofemoral
    • - patellofemoral
    • - proximal tibiofibular
  2. Sesamoid
    floats inside quad
  3. Articular Cartilage
    covers ends of bones
  4. Synovium
    the tissue that surrounds the joint
  5. Synovial Fluid
    lubricates the joint
  6. Effusion
    swelling inside joint
  7. Edema
    swelling outside joint
  8. 4 Ligaments
    • - ACL - anterior cruciate ligament
    • - PCL - posterior curciate ligament 
    • - MCL - medial collateral ligament
    • - LCL - lateral collateral ligament 
  9. Collateral 
    up and down
  10. Cruciate
    crossing
  11. 4 Quadriceps
    • - rectous femoris - hip flexer and knee extender
    • - vastus medialis 
    • - vastus intermedius
    • - vastus lateralis
    • * vastus are extenders and cross below hip
  12. Hamstrings
    • - biceps femoris
    • - semi-membranosus
    • - semi-tendinosus
    • * flex knee, extend hip
  13. Menisci
    • - medial and lateral
    • - fibrocartilageinous rings
    • - largely avascular
    •   - outer 1/3 = minimal to no blood supply
    • - functions: weight bearing, joint stability, joint movement
  14. Common Knee Injuries
    • - sprains - grade I, II, III
    • - strains
    • - subluxations - partial dislocation
    • - dislocations (luxations) - total dislocation
    • - meniscal lesions/ters
    • - fractures (fx)
    • - tendinitis/osos
    • - bursitis/osos
  15. ACL Injuries
    • - MOI - external rotation of tibia on fixed femur, hyperextension with foot fixed, posterior blow to tibia with foot fixed
    • - can be contact or non-contact
    • - S/S - experience "pop" with pain and disability, hemarthrosis/ effusion, anterior laxity, rotary instabililty 
  16. Hemarthrosis
    bleeding in joint
  17. Trends of ACL Injuries
    • - 70% noncontact 
    • - 70% occur in sports
    • - women 3-4x greater than men
    •    - anatomy, biomechanics, hormonal 
    • - osteoarthritis incidence later in life = 10x greater ACL injury
  18. PCL Injuries
    • - MOI - fall on flexed knee, dashboard knee, extreme rotation, hyperextension of knee with fixed foot 
    • - S/S - mild swelling in popiteal fossa (effusion), posterior instability, rotational instability
  19. MCL Injuries
    • - most common ligament injured in knee
    • - MOI - valgus force (force from lateral side), external rotation of tibia on fixed femur 
    • - S/S - medial tenderness and edema (possible effusion), positive valgus stress test
  20. LCL Injuries
    • - MOI - vargus force (blow to inside of knee), internal rotation of tibia, grade I, II, III
    • - concurrent into to common peroneal, BF tendon avulsion, IT band strain
    • - S/S - edema- no effusion, positive varus stress test
  21. Patelloefemoral Pain Syndrome
    • - anterior knee pain is extremely common
    • - abnormal patellar tracking leads to pain
    • - most common in females
    • - overuse injury
  22. PFPS
    • - MOI - patella glides too far laterally, gliding over lateral femoral condyle rather than in trochlea, articular cartilage on posterior patella degenerates 
    • - S/S - anterior knee pain, movie sign, crepitus, edema/effusion
  23. Patella Subluxations/Dislocations
    • - patella slips out of trochlea and spontaneously returns (subluxes) or doesn't (dislocates)
    • - deceleration with simultaneous cutting in opposite direction
    • - quad pulls patella out of joint
    • - almost always lateral
    •  - traumatic onset
    • - predispositions similiar to PFPS
    • - more common in females
  24. Patella Subluxations/Dislcations S/S
    • - sublax - pain and swelling, restricted ROM
    • - dislocation - total loss of function
    • - first time dislocation - assume fracture 
  25. Meniscus Injuries
    • - MOI - rotary force with knee flexed or extended while weight bearing, medial more common than lateral due to ligamentous attachment and decreased movement
    • - S/S - difficult diagnosis, effusion of 48 - 72 hrs, joint line pain and loss of motion, intermittent locking and giving way, pain with squatting
  26. Preoatellar Bursitis
    • - MOI - direct blow or continued kneeling, acute chronic
    • - S/S - localized swelling (ballotable), inflammation
    • - bursa - synovial sacs, acts like knee pad 
    • - feels like water balloon
    • - edema swelling
  27. IT Band Friction Syndrome
    • - AKA - runner's knee
    • - MOI - malaligament or structural asymmetries, running on uneven surfaces
    • - S/S - pain at insertion, signs of inflammation, pain with activity 
    • - IT - illotibial band and tibia 
  28. Patellar Tendinitis 
    • - AKA - jumper's knee
    • - MOI - repetitive jumping or knee extension with stress or strain on paterllar tendon or quadriceps tendon
    • - S/S - pain and tenderness at inferior pole of patella and posterior aspcet of patella with activity 

Card Set Information

Author:
 baileygulley
ID:
 187468
Filename:
 Sports Med. - Knee
Updated:
2012-12-06 04:17:36
Tags:
Knee
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Description:
Anatomy of Knee
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