Pharm Test 3: Viruses & Antiviral Drugs

4 Drugs that block viral entry and attachment

Herpesviruses (HSV, VZV, CMV) have what type of genetic material?

Retroviruses (HIV) have what type of genetic material?

Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza A, B) have what type of genetic material?

Hepadnaviruses (HBV, HCV) have what type of genetic material?

Includes watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips, or genitals

Acyclovir is most effective against

Why is CMV resistant to Acyclovir?

Name 3 prodrugs

Acylovir molecules entering the cell are converted to?  By?

Acyclovir monophosphate takes the place of _______ in the viral DNA.  It stops chain elongation because it lacks _____

Major adverse drug rxn of Acyclovir

Acyclovir resistant mutants are sensitive to _____ because they do not require viral ______ for activation.

Ganciclovir is much more effective against ____ than acyclovir

Adverse drug rxn w/ Ganciclovir

What drug can cause myelosuppression (particularly after IV adminstration)

Myelosuppression of Ganciclovir (CMV) may be additive in patients receiving concurrent ?

Primary drugs for Influenza A?  How do they work?

Which two drugs are used to treat Influenza A & B?

Which drug inhibits RNA polymerase of the influenza virus?

Analogs of sialic acid

Tricyclic amines of adamantane

GI and CNS are more likely to occur in? (Rimantadine or Amantadine)

Which drug is not recommended for patients with underlying airway disease?

Resistance to oseltamivir may be associated w/ point mutations in the viral ____ or ____ genes.

Viral point mutations in hemagglutinin or neuramindiase and provide resistance to

In contrast, to the tx of patients w/ chonric HBV infection, the primary goal of tx in patients with HCV infection is _____

Goal of HBV therapy

Major mechanism of action of IFN-a

What is the most powerful tx against HBV and C?

What drug should not be administered w/ didanosine?  Why?

IFN-a potential drug-drug interactions

Two drugs used in combination with IFN-a

Lamivudine w/ coinfection w/ HIV increase the risk of

Name 2 Entry Inhibitors

Binds specifically and slectively to host protein CCR5.  Treats HIV-1 infection in those who are experiencing virological failure due to resistance to other antiretroviral

Maraviroc binds to ___ and treats____

Resitance to what drug is associated w/ one or more mutations in the V3 loop of gp120?

Maraviroc is contraindicated in pts. w/ ?

1st drug to be approved, well absorbed and distributed to most tissues (including CSF)

Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Non-Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Delavirdine, Etravirine and Nevirapine treat?  How?

Drug that binds directely to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and is contraindicated in pregnancy

Drug that binds directely to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and can also cause an elevation in serum cholesterol, tiglyceride, and glucose?

Which drug has a minimal effect on serum lipids?

Which Non-Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors are extensively metabolized by the CYP3A and CYP2D6 enzymes.  It also inhibits CYP3A4 and 2C9

Which Non-Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors is a substrate as well as an inducer of CYP3A4 and an inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19?

Results in decreased levels of methadone and indinavir

Inhibits viral integrase enzyme that is essential for replication of HIV-1, -2

In combination w/ rifampin, a strong inducer of ____________, the dose of ________ should be increased from 400 to 800 mg twice daily.

Protease inhibitor