Human Sexuality

• sexual contact or activity that occurs w/o consent
• unwanted contact to forces intercourse

• unwanted sexual penetration of vagine, mouth, or anus by use of threat or force
• including forced penetration by objects

• in 2009 89,000 women repoted rape
• most go unreported
• estimated there are 300,000-683,000 women raped in US each year
• difficult to assess occurrence due to
• -under-reporting, fear, shame, stigma, mistrust, variations in the way data is gathered and reported

• rape is a tool used by men in our society to keep women submissibe and powerless
• goal of rape is power, dominance, and control
• rape is more prevelant in societies where women occupy a lower status than men
• Doubts:
• rape is widespread in animal kingdom
• rape occurs in all human cultures

• rape is evolutionary strategy to increase reproductive success of low-status males
• in men's nature
• rapist may target attractive women that are in childbearing age
• Flaws:
• 1/3 of most rape victims are under the age of 11
• poor benefit-to-risk ratio
• doesnt account for rape of males

• women want to be raped
• bring it upone themselves
• men who rape do so b/c they can't control sexual desires
• committed by psychopathic stranges
• only women can be raped

• stranger
• acquaintance rape
• date rape
• partner rape
• gang
• statutory
• prison rape
• rape on campus
• drug, alcohol, and rape

• 17% of rapes against women
• 23% of rapes against men

• uup to 86% of women raped by someone they know
• most not reported
• date rape is seen as lesser crime thant stranger rape, and victim is often blamed
• doesnt necessarily involve physical force

• isnt usually given directly
• signals are nonverbal, vague, ambiguous, and easily misinterpreted

• 25% of rapes
• least likely to be reported and gets least response from law enforcement
• motives: domination and degradation
• women at risk if men veiw them as propery, has a violent realationship, pregnant or ill, seperated or divorced

• rape of single victim by group
• violent
• witnessed by others, and still may not be reported due to bystander effect

• intercourse w/ someone who isn't a child, but is below age of consent
• which varies by state and ranges from 14-18

• by inmates or staff
• 21% of prisoners reported being victims of coerced or forced sexual contacts
• underreported b/c of shame and fear
• usually about power, not sex

• 1/4 of women will be raped in college
• many committed by fraternity members or athletes

• alcohol is one of the strongest predictors of acquaintance rape and sexual aggression
• impaired communication

• used to assist commission of a sexual assauly
• amnesiac, disinhibiting, and dissociative properties
• rohypnol, GHB, ketamine, Klonipin, Xanax

• most are single men under 30 who know victim
• varies in motivation, personalitities, backgrounds, and psychological characteristics
• wants to gain power, control

• pschotherapy and group thereapy
• medications: temp castration, and antidepressants decrease sex drive

• can be anyone
• native americans are significantly more likely to report rape
• 54-63% of rape victims are under 18

• physically, emotionally, and psychologically shattering
• STI's and pregnancy
• depression and  PTSD
• more likely to attempt suicide or have substance abuse
• no single rape syndrome: may experience anger, fear, humiliation, isolation and sexual dysfuncitons, puts sever stress on intimate relationships

• man's property had been damaged
• wife was often punished with attaker

women treated w/ respect and there is little interpersonal violence

• characterized by male dominance and interpersonal violence, especially toward women
• united state's gender roles and violence is one of highest among industrialized countries

• many of the presentations support rape myths
• TV associates violence with passion
• films, rape is often eroticized

• inappropriate sexual behavior between child and adult
• widespread, 20-25% of women nad 16% of men were sexually abused as children
• Incest 20-24% experience incest

• many are trusted relatives, friends, or neighbors
• not all are pedophiles
• lower IQ
• poor social skills
• low self esteem
• more religious and conservative
• heterosexual males
• take advantage of victims innocence

• emotional, psychological, social, and sexual problems
• consequences are more serious if abuse goes on for a long period and involves a close relationship, such as a father or stepfather

• informal name for laws in U.S regarding registratin and public notification about sex offenders
• differ from state to state
• more than 674,000 on sex offender registries
• have trouble finding a job and buying house

• more thant 10% of US pop is hurt at home
• includes physical, sexual, mental, and economic abuse
• control
• accounts for 20% of nonfatal violent crimes against women and 3% against men

bruises, welts, burns, fractures

long term: increase risk of ill-health and psychological and behavioral problems: IBS, chronic pain, substance abuse, suicide and homicide, PTSD, eating disorders, anxiety

• unwanted sexual attentin that interferes with individual's basic right to employment or education; most widespread of all sexually coercive behaviors
• Quid pro quo type: compliance with unwanted sexual advances is required as condition of employment or advancement
• hostile environment: persistent inappropriate behaviors make workplace offensive and unbearable

• pervasive
• 40-60% of women affected
• most likely to occur against those whose job is non traditional for gender
• fewer than 10% of victims file formal complaints or initiate legal proceedings

• 80% of incidents are peer-to-peer
• three main types
• 1. gender harassment (most common): sexually degrading or sexist remarks and behaviors
• 2.Unwanted sexual attention: inappropriate and offensive sexual comments, behaviors, or advances
• 3.Sexual bribery and imposition: promise of reward in return for sex

• healt, relationships, finances, and eduaction or career
• headaches, sleeplessness, depression, PTSD, anger, anxiety, guily, betrayal, and insecurity