Anatomy U4 Reproductive

• production of sperm cells within the seminiferous tubules of the testicles;
• spermatogonia (diploid cells) mitotically divide to replace themselves, subsequently meiotically divide to produce primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte (haploid cells),spermatids, and then spermatozoa

within seminiferous tubules stimulate spermatogenesis in response to FSH and testosterone hormones

• release testosterone in response to interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH or LH) from the anterior pituitary gland
• Testosterone stimulates Sertoli cells which promote spermatogenesis

stores spermatozoa and provides location for maturation of spermatozoa

propel spermatozoa to ejaculatory duct during orgasm by way of waves of muscular contractions

• provide semen which mixes with spermatozoa during orgasm;
• seminal vessicle fluid (60% of total ejaculate) contains fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins) whereas prostate fluid (30% of total ejaculate) contains antibiotic seminalplasmin and acidic fluid

secrete sticky, alkaline fluid to neutralize urinary acids and lubricate the penis for intercourse

• erectile tissues within the penis which engourge with blood as a result of vasodilation of arteries and pressure compression of veins to produce an erection for intercourse;
• corpus spongiosum surrounds and protects urethra and swells glans of the penis during erection

• allows for development of sperm cells in testicles at a temperature below that of the body;
• dartos muscle and cremaster muscle provide mechanism to pull testicles into inguinal canal to increase temperature of testicles when external temperatures are cold and provide for protective reflex movement of testicles into inguinal canals

flagella (movement of sperm cells, acrosome (contains enzymes necessary for pre-fertilization process), spiral mitochondria (ATP production)

• occurs in ovary; production of oocytes and ultimately ova;
• oogonia (diploid) meiotically divide to produce primary oocytes and then secondary oocytes (which are ovulated) and if fertilized the secondary oocyte becomes an ovum;
• fertilized ovum becomes a zygote after pronuclei emerge into one nucleus

• stimulated by FSH from anterior pituitary gland and become primary oocytes; primary oocytes become secondary oocytes and are in a secondary follicle;
• secondary follicle becomes an antral follicle and finally a mature (Graffian) follicle; Graffian follicle ovulates and follicular cells become the corpus luteum under the influence of LH hormone;
• corpus luteum secretes estrogens and progesterone but untimately"dies" to become an atretic follicle

carries secondary oocyte and corona radiata toward the uterus (ciliated for this purpose) and provides location for fertilization

consists of epimetrium, myometrium and endometrium; provides location for gestation of embryo and fetus; cervix is the neck of the uterus

Structures held in position by suspensory ligament, ovarian ligament, round ligament, broad ligament, mesovarium and other ligaments

Vagina receives penis during sexual intercourse and provides a birth canal for childbirth

lubricate the vagina for intercourse

the homolog to the male penis; contains erectile tissue and endowed with sensory neurons for sexual stimulation