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Regina Olson Hughes
- deaf scientifc illustrator
- attended Gallaudet
- deat @ age 14
- learned german, french, spanish, portuguese, italian, and some latin
- orchid painting permantly on view @smithsonian
- recieved honarary doctorated from Gallaudet
- only deaf artist to have a solo exhibition at smithsonian
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getting others attention
- shoulder tap
- waving
- using an intermediary
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origins of asl
1600's martha's vineyard had high # of deaf people, signing formed, and a major influence from french sign language
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Myths about ASL
- it isnt a visual code for english
- isnt a language of pictures and pantomime
- isnt a universal language understood by all signers
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Douglas Tilden
- from sanfrancisco
- 1st californian sculptor to attain recognitiong and fame outside of U.S
- deaf at 4yrs old from scarlet fever
- deaf school at 5yrs old
- chopping was his mentor
- VP of internation deaf congress at 1st convention in Paris
- helped organize CA Assoc. of deaf
- activist against suppresion of sign language for educating deaf children
- died of heart failure
- called the michelangelo of the American West
- one of his most famous sculptors The Bear Hunt is on california school for the deaf campus
- remembered in the art world as a standard bearer for the spirit of the American West
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Negotiating a signing environment
- walk through
- use touch
- ask person to move
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Deaf Community
- 25 million who are deaf or have hearing loss, 10% use sign as primary language
- ADA: views deaf as disabled linguistic minority
- syntax of sign is different
- DPN: 1988 never had a president been deaf
- NAD
- AAAD: American athletic association of the deaf: have world games
- Ways to show respect- willingness to learn, adopt and accept, deaf are not disabled
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strategies for learning ASL
- 1. Build a language community
- 2. minimize reliance on english as you listen or converse in ASL
- 3. Focus on meaning rather than individual signs
- 4. Focus on signer's face, not on hands for two reasons; alot of grammar is in facial expressions and its considered rude to look away from face
- 5. show you understand the signer
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andrew foster
- first of 3 black deaf students enrolled at gallaudet
- established 1st school for the deaf in Accur, Africa
- established 31 schools for deaf in 13 countries
- communication is key to education
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ways of communicating w/others
- signing
- gestures
- writing or typing
- third person
- lipreading & speech
- overall all goal is to communicate
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Gallaudet
- in washington d.c
- established in 1864 by Lincoln
- President of Univ. signs diploma
- thomas gallaudet
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Visual Way of Learning
- open space is ideal
- good lighting
- mirrors strategically placed to make obstructed parts of rooms visible and to see who's approaching
- video phones and computers integrated everywhere possible
- alterting systems to signal doorbell or the phone ringing or baby crying
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Marie Jean Philip
- fought to have deaf childen learn through ASL
- Went to ASD in Hartford Conn.
- ASL teacher at Harvard and MIT
- early advocate for ASL as a recognized language, 1980's and raised awareness on a national and international level
- broke new gound in bilingual bicultural education using ASL to teach children written English
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American school for the Deaf
- in hartford conneticut
- nation's first deaf school
- founded by laurent Clec and Thomas Gallaudet
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Clayton Valli
- motivating force in recognition of ASL poetry as a genre of literature in its own right
- best know works include dandelion, snowflake, and lone sturdy tree
- taught at gallaudet
- pioneer in researching and raising awareness of ASL poetry
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number of people in U.S who have a hearing loss
25 million
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# of people who use ASL as primary language
10%
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Deaf Community Includes
- people w/ a hearing loss who use ASL as primary lang.
- hearing people who are fluent in ASL
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2 views of deafness
- Medical Vies: deafness is a disability that needs to be corrected. Focus is on the inability to hear. held by Audiologists, speech paths, and physicians, and special educators
- Cultural View: deaf people see themselves as a lingusitic and cultural minority with their own distinct language, arts, schools, and social organizations
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American with Disabilities Act (ADA)
- signed by George Bush
- includes Deaf people with other disability group. but deaf people don't see themselves as deaf
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Deaf President Now
- protest at Gallaudet for a Deaf president.
- they wanted to be represented by a Deaf president
- hearing board chose a hearing president who had no experience with deaf people and didn't know sign
- other 2 candidates both deaf were not chosen
- revolt shut down school for days until board chose a deaf president, Dr. I. King Jordan
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National Association of the Deaf (NAD)
- 22,000 members
- political and social
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Requisites for entering the Deaf community
- accept view that deaf are a linguistic and cultural minority, not a group of disabled people
- respect and learn ASL
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Do's of interacting w/ deaf people without interpreter
- maintain eye contact
- use paper and pencil for clear interaction
- admit when you dont understand
- use appropriate ways to get their attention
- use terms deaf or hard of hearing
- treat deaf people as individuals
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dont's of interacting with deaf people without interpreter
- cover your face when talking
- shout
- assume deaf person can lip read
- assume the presence of a hearing aid means the can understand speech
- allow others to interrupt
- correct the deaf person's english because it is mosts 2nd language
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