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What does a vertebrae consist of?
- Vertebral body
- Vertebral (neural) arch
- Seven processes
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Vertebrae:
What provides strength and support?
Vertebral body
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Vertebrae: What protects the spinal canal?
Vertebral (neural) arch
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Vertebrae: What provides attachment and movement?
The 7 spinous processes
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Vertebrae:
Which spinous processes allow attachment and movement?
The 2 transverse processes
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Vertebrae: Which spinous processes restrict movement?
The 4 articular processes
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What is the disc comprised of?
- An anulus fibrosus
- Nucleus pulposus
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What is the function of the disc?
- Attachment between vertebral bodies
- Acts as a shock absorber
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What is the function of the vertebral column? (4 things)
- 1. Protect
- 2. Support
- 3. Provides an axis
- 4. Posture and locomotion
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What is the function of ligaments?
Joint stability and prevention of injury
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How many pairs of spinal nerves do you have?
31 pairs
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Which roots?
Afferent (sensory fibers)
Dorsal roots
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Which roots?
Efferent (motor) fibers
Ventral roots
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Congenital Deformities:
Abnormal increase in the thoracic curvature
Kyphosis
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Congenital Deformities:
Anterior rotation of the pelvis
Lordosis
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Congenital Deformities:
Abnormal lateral curvature acompanied by rotation of the vertebrae
Scoliosis
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Common conditions of discs? (2)
- Degenerative Disc Disease (closer settling discs)
- Bulging or Herniated Disc
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What can occur as a result of:
Sudden, forceful flexion or extension of the vertebral column
Fracture or dislocation of the vertebrae
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Which cervical discs are most commonly ruptured?
C5/C6 and C6/C7
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Which non-cervical discs are most commonly ruptured?
T11 or T12
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A specific defect in the connection between vertebrae
Spondylolysis
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A condition in which a in the spine slips out of the proper position onto the bone below it
Spondylolisthesis
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Narrowing of the spinal canal
Spinal Stenosis
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Most common disability for those under age 45
Large majority of people can return to normal functioning after 4-6 weeks
Back pain
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What % of people develop chronic back pain?
7-10%
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Conditions that may result from a back injury (3)
- Foot drop- can be caused by disease (multiple sclerosis) and/or injury (herniated disc)
- Sciatica- can result from structural issues in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions.
- Cauda Equina Syndrome -a result of direct irritation or pinching of the nerves at the end of the spinal cord
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What tests may be done for back pain? (6)
- 1. X-rays
- 2. Bone scans
- 3. CT Scan
- 4. MRI
- 5. Nerve conduction Studies
- 6. Electromyography (EMG)
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List 5 conservative treatments for back pain.
- 1. Modalities- heat, ice, ultrasound, TENS machine
- 2. Proper posture and lifting techniques
- 3. Stretching
- 4. Strengthening
- 5. Low Impact Aerobic Conditioning
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