ch.28 bio

instant messages throughout your body

recive input

are going to sense different things

specific

decides whether or not to send impulse on

passes impulse on

insulation so nerves can transmit messages faster; white color

constriction in myelin sheath

lots of myelinated nerves

lots of unmyelinated nerves

gap between the axon and the next cell

carry messages from the body to the brain; can sense things : hot, cold, wet, pain, enough food in stomach, sound, light, changes in blood pressure

carry messages from brain out to the body; respond to the stimulus: move hand, stop eating, dilate arteries for higher blood pressure

your brain knows which nerve sent message

if you apply a small voltage difference to a particular nerve, your brain thinks it felt something

pain that is felt in a different location from the affected area; pain from heart attack felt in left arm

you get used to a constant stimulus; maxed out nervers no longer send info

consists of brain and spinal cord

all nerves other than the brain and spinal cord

voluntary; tells skeletal muscles when to contract

involuntary; tells smooth and cardiac muscle when to contract

fight or flight system; increases heart rate ad breathing, decreases digestion, opens pupils

normal calm system; decreases heart rate and breathing, increases digestion, closes pupils

large collection of nerves running from the base of the brain to the hips

fast, automatic, but predictable respone to stimuli; sensory nerves go to the spinal cord and spinal cord deals with it ; no brain

need different amounts of oxygen

regulates heart rate and breathing

bridge that connects cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla

controls complex movements; motor movements, balance, equilibrium

helps control gross movements; reflex center for hearing and vision

maintains consciousness, wakes you up from sleep

secretes melatonin; biological clock

regulates emotional aspects of behavior

located within the limbic system; have found new nerves grown here

intergrating center for many sensory impulses like touch, pain,and smell

regulates pituitary gland, emotions, behavior, body temp, thirst, hunger

associated with brain; secretes numerous hormones; master gland

sophisticated mental functions; sight, language, personality, thinking, memory

1/2 of cerebral cortex

baby can recognize people from their pictures

they have known for years that talking to a baby helps the baby learn to speak

the muscles on the left side of the body and the left side of brain controls right side of body

on the right side of brain

on the left side of the brain

associated with humor

emotions, meaning we really are more emotional and vulnerable to depression

their left hemisphere

better

slower

thicker

connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres

nerve impulses spread through the entire brain rather than staying on the appropriate nerve

characterized by confusion, memory loss, and often personality changes, and little facial expression

missing dopamine causes motor disorder with muscle tremors, poor balance, and little facial expression