ch. 29 bio

sense pain

sense temperature; some sense hot temps, some cold temps

stimulated by some sort of mechanical energy; some sense pressure, some sense sounds, some sense equilibrium

sense how far muscles have moved; invovled in the patellar reflex kick

sense electricity and or magnetic fields

sense chemicals; some sense tast and some smell

sense light; found only in the eyeball

hairs in the cochlea bend in response to sound waves

outer ear

amplifies sound waves; eardrum

connects middle ear to throat; equalizes pressure in ears

ear bones that amplifiy and transfer vibrations to cochlea

frequency of the vibration; bass v. soprano; measured in hertz

magnitude of the sound vibrations; measured in decibels

amplify sound coming to the eardrum

convert sounds to electronic signals; imitates cochlear hairs

hairs in the semicircular canals bend in response to movement

3 tubes at right angles to each other; bending hairs create acton potentials

place where 3 semicircular canals come together

transmits equilibrium and hearing nerve impulses to the brain

overactive haris in semicircular canals due to movement

overactive hairs in the semicircular canals due to movement

medical doctor plus extra training; can do eye surgeries and corrective lenses

doctor of optometry; can only prescribe corrective lenses

associate degree of opticinary; makes glasses

transparent, front part of eye

one cell layer thick covering on eyeball and inside of eyelids

irritation of conjunctiva, often from bacterial infection

white part of eye

colored part of eye

hole in the iris; lets in more or less light

behind pupil; can change shape to focus light on retina

contracts to change shape of lense

attached to ciliary muscles and lens; actuall pulls on lens

gel like substance in front portio of eye

gel like substance in back portio of eye

light is focused on the retina

layer of photorecptors inside of eyeball; consists of rods and cones

black and white vison; need relatiely little light

color vision; red, blue,a nd green ; needs lots of light

area of retina with hight concentration of cones

takes the light messages from the rods and cones to the brain

where optic nerve leaves the eye and there is no retina

rough lens or cornea; light doesn't focus right on retina

nearsighted; long eyeball; focus is in front of retina

farsighted; short eyeball; foucs is behind retina

20/20; you see at 20 feet what most people see at 20 feet

you can see close things; long eyeball; 20/30 you see at 20 feet what othrs see at 30 feet

uses laser to remove part of eyeball

can see well far away; short eyeball; 20/10 you can see at 20 feet what most people can see at 10

missing one or more types of cones, usually red; more common in males

excessive pressure in eyeball

looks like pieces of lint floating across your eye; more common as you get older; from the vitreous humor pulling away from retina

retina layer comes off back of eyeball

upside down and backward when they reach retina

different neuron for each diffent odor

more sensitive they are

pretty quickly

smell nerve

composed of varying amounts of 4 different chemicals

taste buds; where taste dendrites are

other bumps on tongue which don't contribute to taste

genetic

not sensed by taste buds

sense how spicy food is

decay with age