Neurons have the ability to gather amd transmit electrochemical signals
ex: wires in a computer
What are the three basic parts of a neuron?
Cell Body/Stoma
Axon
Dendrites/Nerve Endings
What is the functiom of the Cell Body of a Neuron?
Contains the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and mitochondria
What happens if the cell body of the Neuron dies?
The Neuron dies
What is the function of the Axon in a Neuron?
Long cable like projection of the cell that carries the electrochemical message along the lengh of the cell
What sometimes covers the axon?
Myelin
What are the Dendrites/Nerve Endings?
Small branch like projections of the cell that make connections to other cells and allow the neuron to talk with other cells or perceive the enviornment
Name 4 different types of neurons.
Bipolar/Interneuron
Unipolar/Sensory
Multipolar/Motorneuron
Pyrimidal
What is the Bipolar/Interneuron?
connects various neurons within the brain and spinal cord
What is the Unipolar/Sensory Neuron?
Carries signals from outer parts of your body (periphery) to the Nervous System
What is the Multipolar/Motorneuron?
Carries signals from the Nervous System to the outer parts of the body
What is the Pyrimidal Neuron?
The primary excitation units of the prefrontal cortex
How many positive sodium ions are bring pumped out via the sodium/potassium pump?
3
How many positive potassium ions are being pumped in via the sodium/potassium pump?
2
What molecule is providing energy for the sodium/potassium pump?
ATP
What is he process called when particles are being transported against the concentration gradient across a membrane?
Active Transport
What creates action potential?
Depolarizing stimulus
What ion is in high concentration outside the neuron?
sodium
which ion is in high concentration inside the neuron?
potassium
What specialized protein exists in the neural cell membrane? and what is its function
channels
form pores in the membrane that are selectively permeable
Under resting conditions which ion leaks more?
potassium leaking outwards
The result of potassium leaking outwards makes the charge of the outside of the cell _________ and the inside of the cell charged __________. The cell is said to be ____________.
Positive
Negative
Polarized
Since sodium is in high concentration outside of the cell what happens if the sodium channel opens in thr membrane? which way does the sodium move?
in to the cell
sodium moving into the cell via the sodium channel makes the neuron momentarily ___________ charged and the cell is said to be _________.
Positively
Depolarized
What is the switch in membrane potential called?
Action Potential
What happens to the charge on the outside and inside of the cell as action potential moves?
Outside turns negative
Inside turns positive
How do neurons communicate with other neurons?
Synapses
At the synapse the _______________ of one neuron comes close to the __________ of another neuron.
Axon Terminal
Dendrite
What types of messengers do neurons use to communicate
Neurotransmitters
What happens when an action potential reaches the axon terminal?
chemical neurotransmission begins
What is he function of the Frontal Lobe?
involved in motor skills and cognitive function
What is the function of the Parietal Lobe?
Receives and processes all somatosensory input from the body
What is the process of the Occipital Lobe?
Receives and processes visual information directly from the eyes
What is the function of the Cerebellum?
Integrates information from the vestibular system that indicates position and movement and uses it to coordinate limb movements
What is the function of the Temporal Lobe?
Processes auditory information from the ears
What is the function of the Brain Stem?
Controls reflexes and automatic functions (heart rate, blood pressure), limb movements, and visceral functions
What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?
Tract of white matter fiber that lets the left and right brain talk to each other
What is the function of the Limbic System and Thalamus?
Important in emotional behavior and movements of visceral muscles (digestive), thalamus controls what reaches the Limbic System