AP Biology Signaling Pathways (Nervous System)

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  1. What is a Neuron?
    • Neurons have the ability to gather amd transmit electrochemical signals 
    • ex: wires in a computer
  2. What are the three basic parts of a neuron?
    • Cell Body/Stoma
    • Axon
    • Dendrites/Nerve Endings
  3. What is the functiom of the Cell Body of a Neuron?
    Contains the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and mitochondria
  4. What happens if the cell body of the Neuron dies?
    The Neuron dies
  5. What is the function of the Axon in a Neuron?
    Long cable like projection of the cell that carries the electrochemical message along the lengh of the cell
  6. What sometimes covers the axon?
    Myelin
  7. What are the Dendrites/Nerve Endings?
    Small branch like projections of the cell that make connections to other cells and allow the neuron to talk with other cells or perceive the enviornment
  8. Name 4 different types of neurons.
    • Bipolar/Interneuron
    • Unipolar/Sensory
    • Multipolar/Motorneuron
    • Pyrimidal
  9. What is the Bipolar/Interneuron?
    connects various neurons within the brain and spinal cord
  10. What is the Unipolar/Sensory Neuron?
    Carries signals from outer parts of your body (periphery) to the Nervous System
  11. What is the Multipolar/Motorneuron?
    Carries signals from the Nervous System to the outer parts of the body
  12. What is the Pyrimidal Neuron?
    The primary excitation units of the prefrontal cortex
  13. How many positive sodium ions are bring pumped out via the sodium/potassium pump?
    3
  14. How many positive potassium ions are being pumped in via the sodium/potassium pump?
    2
  15. What molecule is providing energy for the sodium/potassium pump?
    ATP
  16. What is he process called when particles are being transported against the concentration gradient across a membrane?
    Active Transport
  17. What creates action potential?
    Depolarizing stimulus
  18. What ion is in high concentration outside the neuron?
    sodium
  19. which ion is in high concentration inside the neuron?
    potassium
  20. What specialized protein exists in the neural cell membrane? and what is its function
    • channels
    • form pores in the membrane that are selectively permeable 
  21. Under resting conditions which ion leaks more?
    potassium leaking outwards
  22. The result of potassium leaking outwards makes the charge of the outside of the cell _________ and the inside of the cell charged __________. The cell is said to be ____________.
    • Positive
    • Negative
    • Polarized
  23. Since sodium is in high concentration outside of the cell what happens if the sodium channel opens in thr membrane? which way does the sodium move?
    in to the cell
  24. sodium moving into the cell via the sodium channel makes the neuron momentarily ___________ charged and the cell is said to be _________.
    • Positively 
    • Depolarized
  25. What is the switch in membrane potential called?
    Action Potential
  26. What happens to the charge on the outside and inside of the cell as action potential moves?
    • Outside turns negative
    • Inside turns positive
  27. How do neurons communicate with other neurons?
    Synapses
  28. At the synapse the _______________ of one neuron comes close to the __________ of another neuron.
    • Axon Terminal
    • Dendrite
  29. What types of messengers do neurons use to communicate
    Neurotransmitters
  30. What happens when an action potential reaches the axon terminal?
    chemical neurotransmission begins
  31. What is he function of the Frontal Lobe?
    involved in motor skills and cognitive function
  32. What is the function of the Parietal Lobe?
    Receives and processes all somatosensory input from the body
  33. What is the process of the Occipital Lobe?
    Receives and processes visual information directly from the eyes
  34. What is the function of the Cerebellum?
    Integrates information from the vestibular system that indicates position and movement and uses it to coordinate limb movements
  35. What is the function of the Temporal Lobe?
    Processes auditory information from the ears
  36. What is the function of the Brain Stem?
    Controls reflexes and automatic functions (heart rate, blood pressure), limb movements, and visceral functions
  37. What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?
    Tract of white matter fiber that lets the left and right brain talk to each other
  38. What is the function of the Limbic System and Thalamus?
    Important in emotional behavior and movements of visceral muscles (digestive), thalamus controls what reaches the Limbic System

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Author:
 devinbaith
ID:
 188830
Filename:
 AP Biology Signaling Pathways (Nervous System)
Updated:
2012-12-11 23:45:49
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Nervous system
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Description:
Web Quest from Mr. Griebles AP Biology Class
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