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devinbaith
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What is a Neuron?
- Neurons have the ability to gather amd transmit electrochemical signals
- ex: wires in a computer
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What are the three basic parts of a neuron?
- Cell Body/Stoma
- Axon
- Dendrites/Nerve Endings
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What is the functiom of the Cell Body of a Neuron?
Contains the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and mitochondria
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What happens if the cell body of the Neuron dies?
The Neuron dies
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What is the function of the Axon in a Neuron?
Long cable like projection of the cell that carries the electrochemical message along the lengh of the cell
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What sometimes covers the axon?
Myelin
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What are the Dendrites/Nerve Endings?
Small branch like projections of the cell that make connections to other cells and allow the neuron to talk with other cells or perceive the enviornment
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Name 4 different types of neurons.
- Bipolar/Interneuron
- Unipolar/Sensory
- Multipolar/Motorneuron
- Pyrimidal
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What is the Bipolar/Interneuron?
connects various neurons within the brain and spinal cord
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What is the Unipolar/Sensory Neuron?
Carries signals from outer parts of your body (periphery) to the Nervous System
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What is the Multipolar/Motorneuron?
Carries signals from the Nervous System to the outer parts of the body
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What is the Pyrimidal Neuron?
The primary excitation units of the prefrontal cortex
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How many positive sodium ions are bring pumped out via the sodium/potassium pump?
3
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How many positive potassium ions are being pumped in via the sodium/potassium pump?
2
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What molecule is providing energy for the sodium/potassium pump?
ATP
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What is he process called when particles are being transported against the concentration gradient across a membrane?
Active Transport
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What creates action potential?
Depolarizing stimulus
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What ion is in high concentration outside the neuron?
sodium
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which ion is in high concentration inside the neuron?
potassium
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What specialized protein exists in the neural cell membrane? and what is its function
- channels
- form pores in the membrane that are selectively permeable
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Under resting conditions which ion leaks more?
potassium leaking outwards
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The result of potassium leaking outwards makes the charge of the outside of the cell _________ and the inside of the cell charged __________. The cell is said to be ____________.
- Positive
- Negative
- Polarized
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Since sodium is in high concentration outside of the cell what happens if the sodium channel opens in thr membrane? which way does the sodium move?
in to the cell
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sodium moving into the cell via the sodium channel makes the neuron momentarily ___________ charged and the cell is said to be _________.
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What is the switch in membrane potential called?
Action Potential
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What happens to the charge on the outside and inside of the cell as action potential moves?
- Outside turns negative
- Inside turns positive
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How do neurons communicate with other neurons?
Synapses
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At the synapse the _______________ of one neuron comes close to the __________ of another neuron.
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What types of messengers do neurons use to communicate
Neurotransmitters
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What happens when an action potential reaches the axon terminal?
chemical neurotransmission begins
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What is he function of the Frontal Lobe?
involved in motor skills and cognitive function
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What is the function of the Parietal Lobe?
Receives and processes all somatosensory input from the body
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What is the process of the Occipital Lobe?
Receives and processes visual information directly from the eyes
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What is the function of the Cerebellum?
Integrates information from the vestibular system that indicates position and movement and uses it to coordinate limb movements
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What is the function of the Temporal Lobe?
Processes auditory information from the ears
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What is the function of the Brain Stem?
Controls reflexes and automatic functions (heart rate, blood pressure), limb movements, and visceral functions
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What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?
Tract of white matter fiber that lets the left and right brain talk to each other
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What is the function of the Limbic System and Thalamus?
Important in emotional behavior and movements of visceral muscles (digestive), thalamus controls what reaches the Limbic System
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