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List and describe the six functions of bones
- 1) supports soft tissue and provides attachment for skeletal muscle
- 2) Protects Organs
- 3) Assist in movement
- 4) Stores and releases minerals
- 5) Contains red bone marrow-makes red blood cells
- 6) Contains yellow marrow-stores triglycerides
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list and describe function of the four cells found in bone
- 1) Osteogenic cells-unspecialized stem cells
- 2) Osteoblasts-Bone building cells
- 3) Osteocytes- maintain daily metabolism
- 4) Osteoclasts-Carves out out bone
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Define Ossification
Developmental process of bone formation
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What are the two methods/patterns of bone formation
- 1) intramembranous ossification
- 2) endochondral ossification
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Describe the intramembranous process
- 1) development of the ossification center
- 2) calcification
- 3) foration of traberculae
- 4) development of the periosteum
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What kind of bone go through intramembranous process?
1) flat bones of skull and most facial bones
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Describe the endochondrial ossification process
- 1) development of the cartilage model
- 2) growth fo the cartilage model
- 3) development of primary ossification center
- 4) Development of medullary cavity
- 5) Development of secondary ossification center
- 6) Formation of artucular cartilage and the epiphyseal growth plate
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What types of bones go through endochondral process
1) long bones, such as femur and tibia
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How do bones grow in lengh?
1) bones grow in the epiphyseal plate by interstitial growth
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What is the epiphyseal plate?
It's a layer of hyaline cartilage
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List, describe and give function of 4 zones in epiphyseal plate
- 1) Resting cartilage-small scattered chondrocytes, they anchor epiphyseal plate
- 2) Proliferating Cartilage, stack of coins, chondrocytes divide.
- 3) Hypertrophic cartilage, large maturing chondrocytes
- 4) Calcified cartilage, nearest to diaphysis, new bone matrix is produced.
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How do bones grow in thickness?
By appistional growth
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Describe Appositional growth
osteoblast deposit new bone on outer surface, then bone tissue is destroyed by osteoclast in endosteum
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Name the important hormones that regulate bone growth
Insulinlike Growth Factors
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Describe the role of bone in calcium homeostasis
muscles and cells depend on a stable level of calcium ions to function properly, bones can give or take calcium from blood stream.
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Which hormones regulate calcium homeostasis
Parathyroid hormone
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