CDE FC 2.txt

Unintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects that would not be lawful military targets in teh circumstances ruling at the time. Such damage is not unlawful so long as it is not excessive in light of the overall military advantage anticipated from the attack.

• The Law of War requires reasonable precautions to ensure only legitimate military objects are targeted.
• It supports our national values.
• It reduces strategic risk and maintains international and domestic support for our missions.
• It reduces post-combat operational requirements.
• It's the right thing to do.

Commanders are charged with the inherent responsible take all reasonable actions to minimize and mitigate collateral effects.

• Necessary: The action is required to meet the commander's objectives.
• Proportional: Only the minimum force required must be used to achieve the desired effect.
• Reasonable: Assurance that the target location and function are determined to a reasonable certainty.

• Mission
• Friendly Force
• Collateral Damage

• Reduced domestic and international support
• More restrictive ROE
• Prolonged post-combat reconstruction
• Early termination of operations

A logical framework that describes and enables a process, supported by empirical JMEM data, to estimate and mitigate collateral effects.

It is applicable to joint targeting and indirect fires at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war.

• It does not limit or supercede his ability to respond to time-sensitive targets.
• It does not relieve him of his inherent right of self defense.

Operational or Combatant commanders have the latitude to decide the manner of application of the CDE methodology below the operational level.

• CDE 1: Target Validation / Initial Assessment
• CDE 2: General / Minimum Target Size Assessment
• CDE 3: Weaponeering Assessment
• CDE 4: Refined Assessment
• CDE 5: Casualty Estimate / Assessment

• It supports the identification and management of risk.
• It support decision making.
• Its outputs support the STAR process.
• It establishes policy guidance.

Those targets for which planned actions warrant the Secretary of Defense or President of the United States' review and approval.

• OPLAN/CONPLAN
• OPORD
• EXORD
• ROE

• High collateral damage or collateral effect.
• Adverse political ramifications.
• Environmental harm or hazard.
• Adverse public sentiment.

• Sensitive Target and Review.
• CJCSI 3122.06

Non-combatant persons or objects defined by LOW and/or ROE that are not lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time.

Collateral objects include both physical and abstract objects whose damage or destruction would produce a disproportionate effect on the non-combatant population.

• Category 1: Most Sensitive
• Category 2: Less Sensitive

A list of all identified ojbects within a specified geographic area functionally characterized as non-combatant / civilian in nature.

They are functionally identified within the Modernized Integrated Database (MIDB) by category code (CATCODE).

• For each assigned AOR Country (Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP) or Guidance for the Employment of Force (GEF)).
• For each OPLAN / OPORD in the AO.

• To support and assist COCOMs with No-Strike List development.
• To validate NSL additions.

• They must be geospatially defined as distinct facilities.
• They must be treated as collateral objects.

• They must be reclassified as a valid target and removed from the No-Strike List.
• They require ROE authorization.
• They must be classified as dual-use.

Restricted Targets are valid military targets on which the Combatant Commander has restricted or limited effects based on operational, political, intelligence gain or loss, CDE, or other considerations.

Combatant Commanders are responsible to produce a Restricted Target List for each OPLAN / OPORD.

None. They are separate and distinct.

Targets characterized as having both a military and civilian purpose or function.

In the ROE

All occupants of a dual-use structure are characterized as non-combatant casualties.

• When it is occupied by enemy combatants for the purpose of advancing military objectives.
• These are not considered dual-use structures.

Commanders are responsible to determine to predominant functionality of protected structures based on current intelligenc, guided by or considering the current operational ROE.

Human Shields are non-combatant personnel intentionally placed around a valid military target to hinder attack of that target.

• Voluntary (not accounted for in CE)
• Involuntary (must be accounted for in CE)

• The more restrictive rule applies and they are to be treated as protected persons or collateral objects.
• Human Shields may be willing accomplices or unwilling prisoners.
• Human Shields are treated as Category 1+.

• Commanders are responsible to identify and track Huan Shields and to take steps to mitigate the effects of combat on these individuals.
• Human Shields must be accounted for in Casualty Estimateion based on the most current intelligence available at the time of the attack.

• Incorrect identification (PID) - 70%
• Weapon malfunctioni - 22%
• Conscious decision - 7%

• PID
• TLE
• CEP

• Target geospatially defined
• Determined function, activity or purpose

• The difference between actual target location and perceived target location.
• A radius defining a circle repesenting mean error (50%).
• CDE methodology uses TLE90.

• Acquisition system (Man or Machine)
• Geo-spatial reference system

• The inherent errors in a weapon guidance or delivery system that cause the impact point to differ from the aim point.
• A radius defining a circle within which 50% of weapons will impact.
• CDE methodology uses CE90.

• PGM: Weapon guidance system
• ASUGM / SSBM: Delivery platform / system

Ballistic

• Range error is normally double deflection error.
• Deflection error is normally half range error.

Long (and right) of the target.

• Personnel: Fragmentation / Ejecta
• Structures: Blast

• 20ft/6m for PGM, ASUGM and SSBM-Predicted
• 450ft/137m for SSBM-Observer Adjust

TEL90 and CE90

• Unitary Warhead: TE90 + WPN-EI90 = CER
• Cluster Warhead: TE90 + WPN-EI90 + Sub-Munition Pattern Radius = CER

• Fragmentation: 1, 2A, 3A(U), 3B, 3C
• Debris/Ejecta: 3A(M)
• Blast: 4A, 4B, 4C

Delivery Heading

• Can I positively identify the object or person I want to attack as a legitimate military target authorized by the current ROE?
• Are there colalteral objects/persons or significant environmental concerns within the effects range of the weapon I would like to use?
• Can I mitigate damage to those collateral concerns by attacking with a different weapon or method of engagement, yet still accomplish my mission?
• If not, how many non-combatants do I think will be injured/killed?
• Are the collateral effects of my attack excessive in relation to the xpected military advantage gained, and do I need to call my higher commander for permission to attack this target based on the ROE in effect?

8

• Dual Use
• Plume Hazard
• Evironmental Hazard

• 1. Target Validation / Initial Assessment
• 2. General / Minimum Target Size Assessment
• 3. Weaponeering Assessment
• 4. Refined Assessment
• 5. Casualty Assessment

• 1. Highest CDE level
• 2. Most restrictive weaponeering
• 3. Delay fuzing
• 4. Nearest collateral concern
• 5. Most sensitive function
• 6. Most restrictive heading

• CBR/Plume: DTRA provides HPAC analysis
• Environmental: NCMI provides CHAMP analysis

• Circular (default) - from the edge of the sheaf
• Linear - from the edge of the sheaf
• Converged - from the aimpoint

• TLAM
• M26 MLRS

• Short side (Rectangle) Method
• Circule Method
• Segment Method

100% burial below grade or detonation into a building.

Mitigation techniques employed are conditional on target presentation.

When it is a multiple warhead delivery.

• Penetration
• Thermal (Fire, Heat)
• Blast (Overpressure, Ejecta/Debris)
• Fragmentation
• Cratering
• CBR

• PGM: Away
• ASUGM: Parallel