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Who is the founder of Nursing?
What are her contributions to nursing?
What was her reform?
- Florence Nightingale
- Major Contributions:
- Establishment of nursing as a distinct profession
- Liberaleducation for nurse
- Major reform on:
- How care was delivered
- Healthcare in the military
- Introduction of standards – prevent spread of disease
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Who are the pioneers in nursing?
Lillian Wald (1867-1940) & Mary Brewster
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Who is Clara Barton?
- She organized her own nursing efforts
- Did not discriminate
- Continued universal care through the American Red Cross
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Name of the roles of nursing today?
- Direct care provider
- Communicator
- Client/family educator
- Client advocate
- Counselor
- Change agent
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What is the intellectual side to nursing?
- Clinical Judgment:
- Observing and Evaluation
- Critical Thinking – is a reflective thinking process that includes:
- Collecting of information
- Analyzing
- Problem Solving
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What does ICN stand for?
- International Council of Nurses (1973)
- “The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge”
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What does ANA stand for?
- American Nurses Association
- “The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations”
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What are nurse practice acts?
Laws which regulate nursing practice. Each state enacts its own nurse practice act.
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What is the purpose of Nursing Care?
- Health Promotion
- Illness Prevention
- Health Restoration
- End-of-Life Care
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What are the types of Nursing knowledge?
- Theoretical knowledge
- Practical knowledge
- Self-knowledge
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What is the typical nurse process?
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Planning
- Planning outcomes
- Planning interventions
- Implementation
- Evaluation
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How to talk to a patient?
- Sit at same level
- Sit leaning slightly forward
- Try not to cross your arms or legs but especially your arms
- Maintain eye contact
- Smile to acknowledge the other person
- Relax and listen
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How do you use YOU effectively? Therapeutic Relationships
- Respect
- Genuineness
- Empathy
- Active listening
- Trust
- Confidentiality
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What is empathy?
The intellectual understanding of the emotional state of another person
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What are the nursing roles?
- Stranger role
- Resource role
- Teaching role
- Counseling role
- Surrogate role
- Active leadership role
- Technical expert role
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What is the stranger role?
Receives the client the same way one meets a stranger in other life situations
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What is the resource role?
Answers questions
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What is the teaching role?
- Explains illness and treatment regimens
- Gives instructions
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What is the counseling role?
Helps client understand and integrate the meaning of current life circumstances
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What is the surrogate role?
Helps client clarify domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence
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What are the phases of nurse-patient relationships?
- •Orientation
- •Identification
- •Exploitation
- •Termination
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What is health promotion?
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What is 1st prevention? (Primary Prevention)
- Prevent a specific disease from occuring
- Immunizations
- Use of specific nutrients or supplements
- Protection against safety hazards
- Food and drug safety
- Control of environmental hazards
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What is second Prevention?
If already have disease, detect problems early and stops progression
- Getting a regular checkup
- Treatment promptly
- Cpr
- Screening
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What is third prevention? (Tertiary Prevention)
- When disease is progressed beyond early stages
- Rehab
- Chronic Illness
- Support groups
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What are the determinants of health?
- Behavior -40%
- Genetic Predispositon-28%
- Social Circumstances-15%
- Medical-10%
- Enviornment-5%
- Genetic Disease-2%
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What are the Health Promotion models?
- Pender’s Health Promotion Model
- Wheels of Wellness
- Model of Change
- contemplation
- determination
- action
- maintenance
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What are the atges of Change?
- 1.Precontemplation
- 2.Contemplation
- 3.Preparation
- 4.Action
- 5.Maintenance
- 6.Termination
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The definition of Morals
- Morals
- Private, personal, or group standards of right and wrong
- Moral behavior in accordance with custom
- reflects personal moral beliefs
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What is Ethics?
- Ethics
- Systematic study of right and wrong conduct
- Formal process for making consistent moral decisions
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What is Deontologic?
Deontologic- emphasize roles that one should fufill like confidentiality
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What is Utilitarian?
Utilitarian- Good for all not just a small group of people
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What are the theoretical frameworks in ethics
Utilitarian- Good for all not just a small group of people
- Deontologic- emphasize roles that one should fufill
- like confidentiality
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What is Justice?
- •Justice- be fair
- spend equal time with each patient
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What is Nonmaleficence?
•Nonmaleficence- duty to do no harm
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What is Beneficence?
- •Beneficence- doing good
- getting meds and reporting child abuse
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What are the principle healthcare ethics?
- •Beneficence- doing good
- getting meds and reporting child abuse
- •Nonmaleficence- duty to do no harm
- •Respect for autonomy- respect patients decision
- •Justice- be fair
- spend equal time with each patient
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What is Confidentiality?
- •Confidentiality- respecting patients information
- Not talking about patients
- Turning off computer before leaving it
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What is Privacy?
- •Privacy- being private
- pulling curtain close
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What is Fidelity?
- •Fidelity- being truthful
- Saying you will come back when you say you will
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What is Veracity?
•Veracity- tell the truth
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What are the Patient-client relationships?
- •Veracity- tell the truth
- •Fidelity- being truthful
- saying you will come back when you say you will
- •Privacy- being private
- pulling curtain close
- •Confidentiality
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Provision one:
- The nurse in all professional relationships, practices with
- compassion and respect for the inherent dignity
- worth
- uniqueness of every individual,
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Provision two:
The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or community.
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Provision three:
Thenurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, andrights of the patient
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Povision four:
The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse obligation to provide optimum patient care.
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Provision five:
The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence, and to continue personal and professional growth.
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Provision six:
The nurse participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving healthcare environments and conditions of employment conducive to the provision of quality health care and consistent with the values of the profession through individual and collective action.
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Provision seven:
The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and knowledge development.
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Provision eigtht
The nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public in promoting community, national, and international efforts to meet health care needs.
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Provision nine
The profession of nursing, as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice, and for shaping social policy.
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Nursing responsibilites in medical administrating
- •Interpret order
- •Prepare exact dosage of prescribed drug
- •Identify the patient
- •Administer dosage by prescribed route at prescribed time intervals
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Sevens parts of drug order
- •Patient name
- •Name of drug
- •Dosage
- •Route of administration
- •Frequency, time, and special instructions
- •Date and time of order
- •Signature and licensure of person writing the order
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Six rights of meciation Administration
- •Right patient
- •Right drug
- •Right amount
- •Right route
- •Right time
- •Right documentation
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What are the drug names?
•Brand, trade, proprietary –Manufacturer’s name for an original drug–Only the original manufacturer of a drug can use this name.
•Generic–Established name for a drug that can be used by other manufacturers who produce the drug after the original license for the drug expires
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Rules of metric notation:
which is right? .5 or 0.5
0.5
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Measurements:
tsp-> ml
T-> tsp
T-> ml
oz-> ml
cup-> oz
cup->ml
lb-> oz
- 1 tsp = 5 mL
- 1 T = 3 tsp = 15 mL
- 1 oz = 30 mL
- 1 cup = 8 oz = 240 mL
- 1 lb = 16 oz
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fl oz-> ml
1 fl oz= 30 mL
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Drug order formula
- D/H x Q
- deserved /have x quanity
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