NURSING FINAL

• žFlorence Nightingale
• Major Contributions:
•       Establishment of nursing as a distinct profession
•       Liberaleducation for nurse
• Major reform on:
•      How care was delivered
•      Healthcare in the military
•      Introduction of standards – prevent spread of disease

žLillian Wald (1867-1940) & Mary Brewster

• žShe organized her own nursing effortsž
• Did not discriminatež
• Continued universal care through the American Red Cross

• žDirect care providerž
• Communicatorž
• Client/family educator
• žClient advocate
• žCounselorž
• Change agent
• ž

• žClinical Judgment:
•      Observing and Evaluationž
• Critical Thinking – is a reflective thinking process that includes:
•      Collecting of information
•      Analyzing
• Problem Solving

• International Council of Nurses (1973)
• “The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge”

• American Nurses Association
• “The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations”

žLaws which regulate nursing practice. Each state enacts its own nurse practice act.

• žHealth Promotionž
• Illness Preventionž
• Health Restoration
• žEnd-of-Life Care

• žTheoretical knowledge
• žPractical knowledge
• žSelf-knowledge

• žAssessment
• žDiagnosisž
• Planningž
• Planning outcomes
• žPlanning interventions
• žImplementationž
• Evaluation

• —Sit at same level —
• Sit leaning slightly forward
• —Try not to cross your arms or legs but especially your arms—
• Maintain eye contact
• Smile to acknowledge the other person—
• Relax and listen

• žRespectž
• Genuineness
• žEmpathy
• žActive listening
• žTrustž
• Confidentiality

žThe intellectual understanding of the emotional state of another person

• žStranger role
• žResource role
• žTeaching rolež
• Counseling role
• žSurrogate role
• žActive leadership rolež
• Technical expert role

žReceives the client the same way one meets a stranger in other life situations

žAnswers questions

• žExplains illness and treatment regimensž
• Gives instructions

žHelps client understand and integrate the meaning of current life circumstances

žHelps client clarify domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence

• •Orientation
• •Identification
• •Exploitation
• •Termination

• Health teaching
• General

• Prevent a specific disease from occuring
• Immunizations
• Use of specific nutrients or supplements
• Protection against safety hazards
• Food and drug safety
• Control of environmental hazards

If already have disease, detect problems early and stops progression

• Getting a regular checkup
• Treatment promptly
• Cpr
• Screening

• When disease is progressed beyond early stages
• Rehab
• Chronic Illness
• Support groups

• Behavior -40%
• Genetic Predispositon-28%
• Social Circumstances-15%
• Medical-10%
• Enviornment-5%
• Genetic Disease-2%

• Pender’s Health Promotion Model
• Wheels of Wellness
• Model of Change
•      contemplation
•      determination
•      action
•      maintenance

• 1.Precontemplation
• 2.Contemplation
• 3.Preparation
• 4.Action
• 5.Maintenance
• 6.Termination

• Morals
•    Private, personal, or group standards of right and wrong
•    Moral behavior in accordance with custom
•           reflects personal moral beliefs

• Ethics
•      Systematic study of right and wrong conduct
•      Formal process for making consistent moral decisions

Deontologic- emphasize roles that one should fufill like confidentiality

Utilitarian- Good for all not just a small group of people

Utilitarian- Good for all not just a small group of people

• Deontologic- emphasize roles that one should fufill
• like confidentiality

• •Justice- be fair   
• spend equal time with each patient

•Nonmaleficence- duty to do no harm

• •Beneficence- doing good    
• getting meds and reporting child abuse

• •Beneficence- doing good
•      getting meds and reporting child abuse
• •Nonmaleficence- duty to do no harm
• •Respect for autonomy- respect patients decision
• •Justice- be fair
•     spend equal time with each patient

• •Confidentiality- respecting patients information
• Not talking about patients
• Turning off computer before leaving it

• •Privacy- being private    
• pulling curtain close

• •Fidelity- being truthful    
• Saying you will come back when you say you will

•Veracity- tell the truth

• •Veracity- tell the truth
• •Fidelity- being truthful
•      saying you will come back when you say you will
• •Privacy- being private
•      pulling curtain close
• •Confidentiality

• The nurse in all professional relationships, practices with      
•      compassion and respect for the inherent dignity
•      worth
•      uniqueness of every individual,

The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or community.

Thenurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, andrights of the patient

The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse obligation to provide optimum patient care.

The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence, and to continue personal and professional growth.

The nurse participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving healthcare environments and conditions of employment conducive to the provision of quality health care and consistent with the values of the profession through individual and collective action.

The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and knowledge development.

The nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public in promoting community, national, and international efforts to meet health care needs.

The profession of nursing, as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice, and for shaping social policy.

• •Interpret order
• •Prepare exact dosage of prescribed drug
• •Identify the patient
• •Administer dosage by prescribed route at prescribed time intervals

• •Patient name
• •Name of drug
• •Dosage
• •Route of administration
• •Frequency, time, and special instructions
• •Date and time of order
• •Signature and licensure of person writing the order

• •Right patient
• •Right drug
• •Right amount
• •Right route
• •Right time
• •Right documentation

•Brand, trade, proprietary –Manufacturer’s name for an original drug–Only the original manufacturer of a drug can use this name.

•Generic–Established name for a drug that can be used by other manufacturers who produce the drug after the original license for the drug expires

0.5

• 1   tsp = 5 mL
• 1   T = 3 tsp = 15 mL
• 1   oz = 30 mL
• 1   cup = 8 oz = 240 mL
• 1   lb = 16 oz

1 fl oz= 30 mL

• D/H x Q
• deserved /have x quanity