RA II Exam 2

Photographs of the closed eye are rare.

In life the eyes are the main feature of expression.

(In death the mouth is considered to be most expressive.)

In death the closed eye contributes only a small amount to facial expression

The upper rim of the eye socket has a greater projection that the lower rim.

The two most important muscles to considerer when doing eye restorations

Orbicularis oculi (muscle of reflection or thought)

Levator Palpebrae Superioris (elevator of the upper eyelid)

This is the transparent structure forming the anterior portion of the eyeball.

The cornea has the greatest influence on the projection of the upper eyelid

The inner canthus (medial) is an eminence or elevation that extends medially from the upper eyelid. 

The outer canthus (lateral) is positioned inferior and posterior to the inner canthus.

The upper eyelid is approximately 3 times larger than the lower eye lid.

The point of greatest vertical measurement is located medially off-center.

The upper eyelid is slightly wider than the lower eye lid (due to the medial canthus).

When posed (and closed) the eye lids should resemble an almond shape.

The line of eye closure is located in the lower 1/3 of the orbital cavity.

It is created mainly by the lower margin of the upper eye lid as it contacts the lower eyelid.

It shape is described as a gently dipping curve moving from the inner canthus (superior) to the outer canthus (inferior).

The distance from the outer canthus to the point of greatest projection of the closed eyelid, is equal to the distance from the point of greatest projection of the eyelid to the bridge of the nose.

eyelashes

eyebrows

Described as a convex surface between the upper rim of the eye socket (or eyebrow) and the upper eyelid. Although the surface is described as convex its curvature recedes as it moves from eyebrow to upper eyelid.

The concave area above the medial end of the upper eyelid and lying near the root of the nose.

The eyelids, both are convex in shape.  (Said to recede convexly downward.)

The slit where the eyelids meet.  The two eye lids are said to abut.  The line resembles a gently dipping curve.  The lateral end being both inferior and posterior to the medial end.

The acquired furrows of the attached margins of the upper and lower eyelids.

The small eminence at the medial end of each upper eyelid.

The shallow curving grove which originates below the medial canthus (a natural facial marking).

Acquired furrows radiating laterally from the outer corner of the eye, into the side of the face.

The acquired puffy surface between the lower lid and the extended oblique palpebral sulcus.

Vertical or horizontal acquired furrows between the eyebrows and lying on the glabella or across the root of the nose.

A palpebration (or winking) furrow that develops slightly above the eyelashes on the upper eye lid.

Short palpebration furrows that fan from opposite corners of the eyelids toward each other.

is the transparent structure forming the anterior portion of the eyeball

located in the lower 1/3 of the orbital cavity

yes

a gently dipping curve moving from the inner canthus (superior) to the outer canthus (inferior)

eyes

mouth

almond shape

medial

Orbicularis oculi (muscle of reflection or thought)

Levator Palpebrae Superioris (elevator of the upper eyelid)

CORNEA

eyes

mouth

mouth

asymmetrical

gently

In death, much of the facial expression is concentrated on or about the mouth and lips (in life the eyes are the most expressive feature).

The mouth probably has more posturing or posing problems than the eyes.  As with all features, the shape of the mouth is bilaterally asymmetrical

In normal repose, the upper and lower teeth are slightly parted.  The two mucous membranes make gentle contact. 

The two mucous membranes are not identical in color, the upper is usually “less red” than the lower

The true color of the lips is best described as a varied complexion coloring with a reddish overtone.

Increasing the width of the lower mucous membrane and decreasing the width of the upper mucous membrane creates the illusion of a pleasant expression (a very slight smile).

Formed by the contact of the free margins of the upper and lower mucous membrane.  Only the upper mucous membrane has the shape of the classic hunting bow.

(See the last sentence of page 142 for three arcs, vs. five arcs ABFSE)

The junction of the mucous membrane and the integumentary lips. (Not found in the text.)

The visible reddish portion of each lip.

The skin part of the lip; extending superiorly and laterally from the attached color margin of the mucous membrane.

The skin part of the lip; receding inferiorly from the attached margin of the lower mucous membrane and to the top and side of the chin

The tiny dipping fullness on the midline of the upper mucous membrane

The shallow vertical groove on the midline of the upper integumentary lip between the columna nasi and the upper mucous membrane (aka superior labial groove)

The small groove at the end of the line of lip closure;  on the medial side of the angelus oris eminence

The oblique eminence caused by muscles at the end of the line of closure, the AOE begins on the upper integumentary lip, medial to the corners of the mouth

The prominence of the anterior part of the cheek; running from the superior margin of the nasal wings, down to the side of the mouth; it disappears at the line of closure

The small angular area between the wing of the nose and the cheek (or nasolabial fold)

The juncture of the lower integumentary lip and top of the chin (may exhibit a furrow)

The fine linear tracings running vertically on the mucous membranes

The furrows of age, extending vertically o the mucous membranes and integumentary lips

The line of color difference on each mucous membrane in which the exposed or dry part forms with the internal moist part in normal contact. If the lips are properly closed the weather line will not show.