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Where does FA synthesis take place? (3) What are its two mian functions? (2)
FA synthesis mostly takes place in liver, lactating mammary glands, and to a lesser extent in adipose tissue.
- 1. Energy - oxidized by many tissues (esp liver & muscle) for energy. TAGs = main source of energy.
- 2. Structural - found in membrane, precursor to prostaglandins
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Where does FA synthesis take place? (3) What are its two mian functions? (2)
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What are its two regulatory enzymes? (FA syn)
ACC and FAS
ACC is activated by citrate, ATP, insulin & inhibited by LC FA CoA, AMPK
Both activated by high carb/high calorie diets. Both inactivated by low calorie/fasting/high fat diet.
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Mammals only have which desaturases from carboxyl end?
4,5,6, 9
We don't have w-3 or w-6
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Role of PUFAs? W6 vs. W3?
- Eicosanoids made from w3 PUFA may protect against effects of thromboxanes by preventing platelet aggregation and competition decreasing w6 containing eicosanoids (more harmful).
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What is the relationship between ALA, EPA and DHA?
ALA (precursor 18:3w3) --> EPA (20:5 w3) --> DHA(22:6 w3)
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Where are lipid droplets found? Where are they found in muscle?
In almost every cell.
Close to mitochondria to provide energy via B-oxidation.
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What are the substrates for TAG synthesis? Where do they come from?
Glycerol 3 P and 3 LC FA CoAs.
Glycerol3P is from DHAP (glycolysis), from glycerol via glycerol kinase, or from dietary TAG (2-MAG)
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What can happen to a fatty acid?
Can be used for TAG synthesis or oxidized for energy.
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