-
What is nature?
What is nurture?
- Nature: The degree to which genetic or hereditary influences
- .
- Nurture: Experiential or enviromental influences
-
What is continuity?
What is discontinuity?
- Continuity: concerns whether a particular developmental phenomenon represents a smooth progression thoughout the life span
- .
- Discontinuity: series of abrupt shifts
-
What are psychological forces?
All intrenal, cognitive, emotional, personality, perceptual and related factors that influence behaviour.
-
What are social cultural forces?
interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors
-
What are the life cycle factors?
they reflect the difference in how an even affects prople of different ages.
-
what are all three forces taht interact?
Biological, psychological, and socio cultural.
-
Who discovered psychodynamic?
Freud and Erikson
-
Who discovered Learning?
Watson, Skinner, and bandura
-
Who discovered cognitive?
Piaget, and Kohlberg
-
Who discovered ecological and systems?
Bronfenbrenner and lawton
-
Who discovered lifespan?
Baltes
-
What are naturalistic observations?
"Real life" observations
-
What are structures observations?
Researcher creates a situation likely to result in a type of behavior in which she/he is interested
-
What are sampling behavior with tasks?
Kids selecting happy faces
-
What are self reports?
People answer questions about the topic of interest.
-
what are Physiological measures?
Measuring..HR, brain patterns, temp, etc
-
What are the two research methods? and describe
- Reliability: Does this method consistently measure what is being studied?
- .
- Validity: Does this measure provide a true picture of what is being studied.
-
What are some research ethics?
- Informed consent
- Avoid Deception
-
Total amount of chromosomes with egg and sperm unite?
46
-
how many chromosomes in a autosome?
22
-
Which chromosome is the sex chromosome?
23rd
-
-
What gender if XX?
Female
-
What is a genotype?
Complete set of inherited traits
-
What is a phenotype?
how the traits are expressed and is the combined effect of genotype and environmental influences.
-
Homozygous alleles?
Alleles are the same, both of the childs parents have contributed similar genes for a trait.
-
Heterozygous alleles?
the parents have contributed different version of the trait.
-
What are dizygotic twins?
come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperms.
fraternal
-
What are monozygotic twins?
twins com fro the union of one egg and one sperm that splits in two, soon after conception
-
When is the phase of zygote?
- weeks 1-2
- its when it travels down the fallopian tybe and is implanted in the uterine wall
-
What phase is the embryo?
- weeks 3-8
- body structures, internal organs, and the three larers of the embryo develop.
-
When is the phase of the fetus?
Week 9 to birth
-
Fetus at week 4?
Heart beat
-
Fetus at week 9?
Differentiation fo the ovaries and testes
-
Fetus at week 12?
Circulatory sytem begins to function
-
Fetus at week 32?
Age of viability
-
How can nutrition be a risk factor for a mother?
inadequate maternal nutrition may result in premature birth and low birth weight.
-
How can stress be a risk factor for the mother?
Extreme maternal stress is associated with low birth weight and premature births
-
How many stages of labor?
3 stages
-
Stage 1 of labor?
lasts 12-24hrs for the first birth and includes contractions and the enlargement of the cervix to approximately 10cm
-
Stage 2 of labor?
actual birth of the baby and lasts about an hour
-
Stage 3 of labor?
lasts a few minutes and involves expelling of the placenta
-
Babies in low birth weight?
less than 5.5lbs
-
Babies in very low birth weight?
less than 3.3lbs
-
Babies in extremly low birth weight?
less than 2.2
-
What is the apgar index?
vitals are assess scored et added given a # that determin if baby need special assisstance. Lower than 7
-
What are the four states of a newborn?
- alert inactivity
- walking activity
- crying
- sleeping
-
what is a basic cry?
starts softly and builds in volume and intensity. often ween when the child is hungry
-
what is a mad cry?
more intense and louder cry
-
what is a pain cry?
starts with a loud wail, followed by long pause then gasping
-
how many hours does a baby sleep?
16-18
-
When do babies sleep all night?
3 or 4 months
-
When does rem sleep decrease on a newborn?
gradually decreases from 50% of the newborn sleep to about 25% in first year
-
What is SIDS
sudden and unexplainable death
-
decrease risk of SIDS?
sleep infants on their back
-
The three dimensions of temperament?
- Emotionality
- activity
- sociability
-
What is emiotionality?
is the strength of the infants emotional response to a situation
-
What is activity?
is the tempo and vigor of a childs physical activity
-
What is sociability?
the childs preference for being with other people
-
Infants gain how much wight in the first year?
triple there weight
-
Malnutrition to a child can cause?
childl to develp slow.
-
Where are all the neurons stored in the brain?
cerebral cortex
-
what happens after 3 weeks after conception?
the neural plate, a flat structure of cells forms
-
What happens by 28wks of conception?
the brain has all the neurons it will ever have
-
What hemisphere are the emotions in?
Right
-
What hemisphere is your language at?
Left
-
Posture and Balance of baby?
- Top heavy lose balance
- learn new balance for each posture
-
Stepping for infant?
move legs as soon as 6-7 months but dont learn to walk till developmentally ready
-
what is differentiation in coordinating skills?
mastery of component skills.
-
what is integration in coordinating skills?
combining them in sequence to accomplish the task
-
Fine motor skills at 4 months?
infants clumsily reach for objects
-
Fine motor skills by 5 months?
coordinate movement of the two hands
-
Fine motor skills by 2-3 years
children can use zippers but not buttons
-
Fine motor skills by 6yrs?
tying shoes is a skill
-
9month old infant self concept?
smille at face in the mirror but do not seem to recognize it as their own face
-
15-24months of infant self concept?
see the image int he mirror and touch their own face.
-
Age 2 infant and theory of mind?
child understands that people have desire and these cause behavior
-
age 3 infant and theory of mind?
distinguish between the mental world and the physical world
-
age 4 infant and theory of mind?
understands that behaviour is based on beliefs and that the beliefs can be wrong
-
What is a scheme?
Sense of the world through categories of related events, objects, and knwledge
-
What is assimilation?
- new experiences fit into existing schemes.
- required to benefit from experience
-
what is accommodation?
- when schemes have to be modified as a consequence of new experiences.
- Allows for dealing with comletely new data or expirience
-
What is equilibrium?
exists when threre is a balance between assimilation and accomodation
-
what is disequilibrium?
exists when more accomodation is occuring than assimilation
-
Period of sensorimotor development? what is it?
- 0-2yrs
- adapting and exploring enviroments
-
What is egocentrism?
the shild is unable to see the world from any viewpoing other than their own
-
What is centration?
child concentrate on only one dimension or aspect of a problem, ignoring other equally relevant aspects
-
What is apperance is reality?
innability to understand that apperance cen be misleading
-
Attention?
when sensory information receive additional cognitive processing
-
Orienting response?
Emotional and physical reactions to unfamiliar stimulus
-
Habituation?
a lessening of the reaction to a new stimulus
-
What is classical conditioning>
a neutral sitmulus becomes able to elicit a response that was previously caused by another simulus
-
What is aperant conditioning?
behaviors are affected by their consequences
-
What is imitation?
Learning from a older sibling
-
when does cooing happen?
at 2 months producing vowel sounds
-
when does babbling happen?
around 6 months
-
what happens with speech at 8-12months?
incorporate intonations, or change in pitch that are typical of the language they hear
|
|