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alannaheeres
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How energy is stored
Essential for muscle contraction
ATP
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Terminal bond broken down for energy
Requires ATPase enzyme and water
Forms ADP, free phosphate and energy
Hydrolysis
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Immediate source of energy (10-15 seconds)
Hydrolysis of ATP (water & ATP)
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Short term energy
- Anaerobic Glycolysis
- -without use of oxygen
- -breakdown of glucose to produce ATP
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Associated with muscle fatigue
Accumulation dependent upon balance betweenproduction in muscle and removal by other tissues
Lactate
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Long term energy source
- -uses oxygen
- -Breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and proteins under aerobic conditions so that large amounts of ATP can be produced
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True or false:
Brain can metabolize only carbohydrates and lactate under aerobic conditions
True, because it can convert it to pyruvate which creates 2 ATP
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What is an important biomarker for aerobic metabolism?
Cytochrome oxidase
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How do you determine amount of oxygen person can utilize?
Aerobic metabolism/capacity
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When does lactate occur?
When there isn't enough oxygen
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Energy expenditure when you wake up in the morning
Basal metabolic rate
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How much oxygen a person can use in a minute
- VO2 Max
- -reflects cardio fitness
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Ratio between volume of carbon dioxide produced an oxygen consumed at tissue level
Respiratory Quotient (RQ)
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RQ = _____ unless the person is working at a high intensity
RER (respiratory exchange ratio)
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At high intensity exercise you burn ____
Carbs
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True or false:
Body has to work harder to digest proteins
True
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1 ______ = 3.5 ml 02/kg/min assumed as teh resting energy expenditure
MET (metabolic equivalent)
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What is necessary for brain energy?
Glucose
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True or false:
There is an inverse relationship between aerobic and anaerobic activity.
True. Low intensity is aerobic, while high intensity is anaerobic.
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What is the optimal prescription for fat loss?
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True or false:
You should not overload the metabolic pathway to increase its capacity for energy production
False, you MUST overload the pathway - no pain, no gain.
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Which energy source (immediate, short or long term) increases creatine kinase
Immediate. Used as a biological marker for tissue damage
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Which energy source (immediate, short or long term) increases capacity of heart and lungs to transport and deliver oxygen to various tissues
Long term
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How does muscle spasticity influence energy expenditure?
- Increases the energy expenditure of routine physical tasks
- Multi-tasking can trigger more severe spasticity
- Can increase the cardiorespiratory stress of physical activity
- Results in premature fatigue
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What can occur as a result of:
Reduced physicalactivity
Joint immobilization
Decreased capacityto produce energyunder anaerobic and aerobic conditions
muscle atrophy
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