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independant observation
- each observation is not neccisarily connected
- assupmtions are not supportive of claims
- one can only correlate findings
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3 main types of studies done in ecology
- modeling
- observational field study
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onbservations to be recorded at each site
- weather
- climate
- time/time of year
- subject
- recorder
- recent storm events
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on of three question the data from the cyptozoa experiment
how does the location of the transect (relative to sunlight exposure) effect yhr amount of organisms discovered under each tile
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why do birds funnel to hawk ridge
- migratory pattern bring the to the shore of the great lakes
- due to lack of thermals, they funnel south to the ridge and duluth
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3 types of literture citations
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riffles
shallow, but more turbulent water
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pools
deeper andd more smooth flow
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runs
intermediate flow and depth
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metadata
- description of data
- how, where, when, etc...
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standard deviation
Sqrt (sample varience)
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sample coefficient of variation
(Standard deviation)/(samle mean)
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confidence intervals do no overlap
refute null hypothesis
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comparison for statistical significance
T-test
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non-parametric
entire sample distribution compared, but not with respect to specific parameters suchh as alpha or nu
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negative correlation
A relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa
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if a negative correlation, r is close to what value
-1
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skewness
- lack of symetry in data (no bell curve, or offset curve)
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meaure the spread of data besides range
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