Mitral Stenosis

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What is mitral stenosis?

Calcifcation or thickening of the mitral leaflets
What is a normal pressure half time?

Between 40-70ms
What is a normal mitral valve area?

Between 4-6cm2
Equation for Mitral Valve Area:

MVA = 220/Pressure half time
What does 7Vmax represent?

1/2 P max
What are the different ways to assess MS?
- 2D
- Pulse wave through MV
- Inflow - Pressure half time (has some problems)
- Continuous wave through MV
- Planimetry (has some problems)
- Colour flow
How does continuous wave help with MS?
- Assess gradient distal to the valvue (indications of how well valve opens)
- A gradient and peak can be proportionally linked to severity of stenosis
How is a gradient across mitral valve usually calculated?
- Continuous wave sample at tips of mitral valve
- Trace around the E/A complex
What are the effects of MS:
- LA dilation
- Increase in pulmonary pressure and LA pressure (increased by capillary wedge test)
- Shortness of Breath
- AF (due to dilation of LA)