The flashcards below were created by user
hchristensen
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
What is the best known acropolis in Greece?
Acropolis in Athens
-
What Italian artist created a painting that shows Cicero, one of ancient Rome's greatest public speakers, addressing fellow members of the Roman Senate?
Cesare Maccari
-
Who was one of ancient Rome's greatest public speakers?
Cicero
-
What twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess founded the city of Rome in 753 B.C.?
-
Where were Romulus and Remus abandoned as infants only to be raised by a she-wolf?
Tiber River
-
What three groups inhabited the region on the Italian peninsula and battled for control?
-
On what one of its seven hills did the Latins build the original settlement at Rome?
Palatine Hill
-
What group of people were native to northern Italy and were skilled metalworkers and engineers?
Etruscans
-
What was the most famous temple and public center in Rome? It was the heart of Roman political life.
Forum
-
What harsh tyrant was the last king of Rome?
Tarquin the Proud
-
What does the Latin phrase res publica mean?
"public affairs"
-
What is the term for a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders?
republic
-
What were the wealthy landowners who held most of the power in Rome called?
paticians
-
What were the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population in Rome called?
plebeians
-
What were elected representatives who protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials called?
tribunes
-
What was a list of rules that was the basis of Roman legal system called?
Twelve Tables
-
What word comes from the Latin for "I forbid"?
veto
-
What were two officials in Rome who commanded the army and directed the government called?
consuls
-
What was the aristocratic branch of Rome's government called?
senate
-
What was the assembly organized by the plebeians that elected the tribunes and made laws for the common people called?
Tribal Assembly
-
What was a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army called?
dictator
-
What were the large military units into which Roman soldiers were organized called?
legions
-
What were the heavily armed foot soldiers called?
infantry
-
What were the group of soldiers on horseback called?
cavalry
-
What term also means a multitude?
legion
-
Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each of which was called what?
century
-
What city was once a colony of Phoenicia and was located on a peninsula on the North African coast?
Carthage
-
What was the long struggle between Rome and Carthage called?
Punic Wars
-
Where did Hannibal win his greatest victory?
Cannae
-
What was the name of the 29-year-old Carthaginian general who was a brilliant military strategist that wanted to avenge Carthage's earlier defeat?
Hannibal
-
What was the name of Hannibal's father?
Hamilcar Barca
-
What Roman general devised a plan to attack Carthage?
Scipio
-
In 202 B.C., where did the Roman defeat Hannibal?
Zama
-
What two brothers attempted to help Rome's poor? As tribunes, they proposed such reforms as limiting the size of estates and giving land to the poor.
-
What is a conflict between groups within the same country called?
civil war
-
In 60 B.C., what military leader joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy Roman, and Pompey, a popular general?
Julius Caesar
-
What two men did Julius Caesar join forces with to help him be elected consul?
-
What is the term for a group of three rulers?
triumvirate
-
What was the name of Julius Caesar's wife?
Calpurnia
-
Who led the murder of Caesar, in which he was stabbed 23 times?
- Gaius Cassius
- Marcus Brutus
-
What is the term for a ruler that has total power?
absolute ruler
-
What is the name of Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son?
Octavian
-
With what two men did Octavian join forces?
-
What was the rule of Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus called?
Second Triumvirate
-
Who did Mark Antony meet in Egypt and join forces with?
Cleopatra
-
What title did Octavian eventually accept?
Augustus
-
What is the term that means "supreme military commander"?
imperator
-
What word means "exalted one"?
Augustus
-
What was the name of Augustus's only child?
Julia
-
What is the period of peace and prosperity in Rome called?
Pax Romana ("Roman peace")
-
What term refers to persons employed in the civil administration of government?
civil service
-
In Augustus's time, what silver coin was in use throughout the empire?
denarius
-
A person with the qualities of discipline, strength, and loyalty was said to have what important virtue?
gravitas
-
What bad Roman emperor ruled from 37-41 and was mentally disturbed?
Caligula
-
What bad emperor of Rome ruled from 54-68 and was vicious, murdered many, and persecuted Christians?
Nero
-
What bad Roman emperor ruled from 81-96 and ruled dictatorially, fearing treason everywhere and executing many?
Domitian
-
What good Roman emperor ruled from 96-98 and began the custom of adopting heir?
Nerva
-
What good Roman emperor ruled from 98-117 and undertook vast building program, enlarged social welfare, and the empire reached its greatest extent?
Trajan
-
What good Roman emperor ruled from 117-138 and consolidated earlier conquests and reorganized the bureaucracy?
Hadrian
-
What good Roman emperor ruled from 138-161 and kept Rome a place of peace and prosperity?
Antonius Pius
-
What good Roman emperor ruled from 161-180 and brought empire to height of economic prosperity, defeated invaders, and wrote philosophy?
Marcus Aurelias
-
What were the powerful spirits or divine forces that the earliest Romans worshiped called?
numina
-
What were the guardians of each Roman family called? They were closely related to numina.
Lares
-
Who was the father of the Roman gods?
Jupiter
-
What was the name of Jupiter's wife, who watched over women?
Juno
-
Who was the Roman goddess of wisdom and of the arts and crafts?
Minerva
-
What was the huge arena in Rome that could hold 50,000 people called?
the Colosseum
-
Much of what we know about Roman houses comes from archaeological excavations of what two ancient cities?
-
In A.D. 79, Pompeii and Herculaneum were buried in volcanic ash by a tremendous eruption of what volcano?
Mount Vesuvius
-
What is a painting made on damp plaster called?
fresco
-
What was the home of the Jews?
Judea
-
What savior would arrive and restore the kingdom of the Jews?
the Messiah
-
Sometime around 6 to 4 B.C., what Jew was born in Bethlehem in Judea?
Jesus
-
What are the first four books of the New Testament of the Christian Bible called?
the Gospels
-
Where was Jesus raised?
Nazareth
-
Who baptized Jesus?
John the Baptist
-
What is the belief in only one god called?
monotheism
-
What did the 12 men who were Jesus' disciples, or pupils, later come to be called?
apostles
-
What Roman governor accused Jesus of defying the authority of Rome?
Pontius Pilate
-
What Greek word means "messiah" or "savior"?
Christos
-
What painting by Renaissance artist Raphael depicts Jesus calling the apostle Peter to duty as the other apostles look on?
Christ's Charge to Saint Peter
-
Who painted Christ's Charge to Saint Peter?
Raphael
-
What apostle had enormous influence on Christianity's development? He was a Jew who had never met Jesus and at first was an enemy of Christianity. While traveling to Damascus in Syria, he reportedly had a vision of Christ.
Paul
-
What were the influential letters that Paul wrote to groups of believers called?
Epistles
-
What were the common languages that allowed the message of Christianity to be easily understood?
-
What is the dispersal of Jews from their homeland called?
the Diaspora
-
What are groups or individuals that innocently bear the blame for others called?
scapegoats
-
What were people willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of a belief or cause called?
martyrs
-
What Roman emperor was fighting three rivals for leadership of Rome when he prayed for help and then saw an image of a cross?
Constantine
-
Where was the battle where Constantine was fighting his chief rival located?
Milvian Bridge
-
What is a symbol of Christianity?
a cross
-
In what speech did Constantine declare Christianity to be one of the religions approved by the emperor?
Edict of Milan
-
In 380, what emperor made Christianity the official religion of the empire?
Theodosius
-
What is the term for a group of person organized in order of ranks, with each level subject to the authority of the one above?
hierarchy
-
What person, who was also a priest, supervised several local churches?
bishop
-
What apostle became the first bishop of Rome?
Peter
-
What is the father or head of the Christian Church called?
pope
-
What is the term for any belief that appeared to contradict the basic teachings of the Church?
heresy
-
What do Christians called the Hebrew Bible?
Old Testament
-
What writing defined the basic beliefs of the Church?
Nicene Creed
-
What were several early writers and scholars who were also influential in defining Church teachings called?
Fathers of the Church
-
Who was one of the most important Fathers of the Church? He became bishop of the city of Hippo in North Africa in 396.
Augustine
-
What is one of Augustine's most famous books that was written after Rome was plundered in the 5th century?
City of God
-
The end of the reign of what emperor marks the end of Pax Romana?
Marcus Aurelius
-
What is the term for a drastic drop in the value of money couple with a rise in prices?
inflation
-
What is the term for foreign soldiers who fought for money?
mercenaries
-
In A.D. 284, what strong-willed army leader became the new emperor? He ruled with an iron fist and severely limited personal freedoms while restoring order to the empire.
Diocletian
-
Into what two halves did Diocletian split the empire?
- Greek-speaking East
- Latin-speaking West
-
To what city did Constantine move the capital?
Byzantium
-
What name did Byzantium eventually take?
Constantinople
-
Around 370, what fierce group of Mongol nomads from central Asia moved into the region and began destroying all in their path?
the Huns
-
What did Romans call all invaders? It was a term that they used to refer to non-Romans.
barbarians
-
In 444, the Huns united for the first time under what powerful chieftain?
Attila
-
Who was the last Roman emperor? He was a 14-year-old boy that was ousted by German forces in 476.
Romulus Augustulus
-
What did the eastern half of the Roman empire come to be called?
Byzantine Empire
-
The Byzantine Empire endured until 1453, when it fell to what group?
Ottoman Turks
-
In the 1780s, what author published The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in which he explained that a major cause of the collapse was that the empire was simply just too large?
Edward Gibbons
-
What book did Edward Gibbons publish that explained that a major cause of the collapse was that the empire was simply just too large?
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
-
in 1986, what author published The Fall of the Roman Empire, in which he argues that the fall of Rome was a military collapse?
Arther Ferrill
-
What book did Arther Ferrill write in which he argues that the fall of Rome was a military collapse?
The Fall of the Roman Empire
-
In 1967, what author published Roman Realities, in which his argues against the idea of a "fall"?
Finley Hooper
-
What book did Finley Hooper write in which he argues against the idea of a "fall"?
Roman Realities
-
What early Church leader did not live to see the empire's end, but vividly describes his feelings after the Visigoths attacked Rome?
Jerome
-
The mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture produced what new culture?
Greco-Roman culture
-
What type of sculpture is images projected from a flat background?
bas-relief (or low-relief)
-
What were pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass, or tile onto a surface called?
mosaics
-
What poet spend ten years writing the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid, the epic of the legendary Aeneas?
Virgil
-
Virgil spent ten years writing what epic of the legendary Aeneas?
Aeneid
-
What Indian epic tells the story of a battle for control of a mighty kingdom?
Mahabharata
-
What Spanish epic celebrates a hero of the wars against the Moors?
El Cid
-
In the 1200s, what man attempted to prove the existence of a single god using Aristotelian ideas?
Thomas Aquinas
-
In 1781, what philosopher wrote that Aristotle's theories on logic were still valid?
Immanuel Kant
-
In 1922, who patterned his epic Ulysses after Homer's work?
James Joyce
-
In 1922, James Joyce patterned what epic after Homer's work?
Ulysses
-
In 2000, what Coen brothers' film brought a very different adaptation of the Odyssey to the big screen?
O Brother, Where Art Thou?
-
Who compiled a multivolume history of Rome from its origins to 9 B.C.?
Livy
-
What Roman historian is notable among ancient historians because he presented the facts accurately and was concerned about the Romans' lack of morality? He wrote Annals and Histories.
Tacitus
-
What two books did Tacitus write, in which he wrote about the good and bad of imperial Rome?
-
What was the language of the Romans?
Latin
-
What are languages who have Roman heritage called?
Romance languages
-
What were designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns?
aqueducts
-
What emperor started the construction of the Colosseum?
Vespasian
-
What sons of the Emperor Vespasian completed the construction of the Colosseum?
-
What was the retractable canvas awning that shielded spectators from the sun in the Colosseum called?
velarium
-
What historian has stated that Rome never fell because it turned into something even greater - an idea - and achieved immortality?
R. H. Barrow
|
|