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Jcandy
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Manifest Destiny
- American expansion westward inevitable
- Nations destiny to encompass continent
- Americans have an obligation to expand and influence less civilized people with republic and Christian institutions
- Parallels to democratic party
- Americans Indians and Hispanic were inferior, best controlled or conquered
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54 40 or fight
- President Polk pressured to wage war against British to gain full control of northwest
- Polk fears potential against waging a war against two nations
- Choose to reach deal with British and focus on Mexico
- 1846 - 49th parallel agreed to
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Bear flag rebellion
John c Fremont declared California an independent republic
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Desire to move west
- Southerners: escape planter elite and increase slaves
- Northerners: distance from slavery and affordable land
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Indian removal
- 1829-1851: 86 treaties signed between US and Indians
- Black hawk war: Indian defeat ends native uprisings in northwest
- 1853: US reaches peaceful agreement with Indian tribes
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Fur trade
Despite decline over time, transportation routes developed
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Military presence
1850: 90% of US military stationed in west of Mississippi
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Public lands
- Spectators: wealthy buy millions of acres auctioned off at $2 an acre
- Squatters: settlers squat on land they can't afford promoting congress to lower price per acre to $1 25
- Homestead act: land free to squatters who reside in land for 5 years on land they improve.
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Gold Rush
1848: John Wilson Marshall discovered gold in California
majority of miners unsuccessful take wage paying jobs
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annexation of Texas
- Fredonia Republic: Mexico encourages assimilation and Hayden Edwards calls for an independent Texas
- legal immigration of Americans in Texas terminated by Mexico
- 1835: secessionist overtake Mexican military installations
- Stephen Austin advocates for peace before being captured and jailed
- Sam Houston in Davy Crockett lead secessionist in defeating Santa Anna's army after losing at Alamo
- Sam Houston named governor of the Republic of Texas
- Texas join US as a slave state
- Mexico terminates relations with the United States
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Union military strategy
- anaconda plan
- blockade southern ports
- patroll 3550 miles of coastline and block avenues of supply
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Confederate military strategy
- offensive defensive plans
- not a plan of conquest at South Claims independence
- attack when feasible
- use inferior transport lines to concentrate troops a key points
- recognize North advantages in resources
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the Confederacy centralization of power
- increase in taxes
- farmer required to switch from cash crops to food crops
- slaves instructed to build fornications
- troops confiscate food sources from farms
- railroads under complete control of government
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South industrializes
- iron factories constructed
- new railroad lines built
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total war
- a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons use the territory or combat involved or the objectives pursued
- Risks involved:
- vulnerable communication and supply lines and
- a truly National resistance
- geographic size of south
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Sherman's march to sea
- 40,000 soldiers left to defend Atlanta
- 60,000 soldiers lead by Sherman head towards the Atlantic Ocean
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