Civil war

• American expansion westward inevitable
• Nations destiny to encompass continent
• Americans have an obligation to expand and influence less civilized people with republic and Christian institutions
• Parallels to democratic party
• Americans Indians and Hispanic were inferior, best controlled or conquered

• President Polk pressured to wage war against British to gain full control of northwest
• Polk fears potential against waging a war against two nations
• Choose to reach deal with British and focus on Mexico
• 1846 - 49th parallel agreed to

John c Fremont declared California an independent republic

• Southerners: escape planter elite and increase slaves
• Northerners: distance from slavery and affordable land

• 1829-1851: 86 treaties signed between US and Indians
• Black hawk war: Indian defeat ends native uprisings in northwest
• 1853: US reaches peaceful agreement with Indian tribes

Despite decline over time, transportation routes developed

1850: 90% of US military stationed in west of Mississippi

• Spectators: wealthy buy millions of acres auctioned off at $2 an acre
• Squatters: settlers squat on land they can't afford promoting congress to lower price per acre to $1 25
• Homestead act: land free to squatters who reside in land for 5 years on land they improve.

1848: John Wilson Marshall discovered gold in California

majority of miners unsuccessful take wage paying jobs

• Fredonia Republic: Mexico  encourages  assimilation and Hayden Edwards calls for an independent Texas
• legal immigration of Americans in Texas terminated by Mexico
• 1835: secessionist overtake Mexican military installations
• Stephen Austin advocates for peace before being captured and jailed
• Sam Houston in Davy Crockett lead secessionist in defeating Santa Anna's army after losing at Alamo
• Sam Houston named governor of the Republic of Texas
• Texas join US as a slave state
• Mexico terminates relations with the United States

• anaconda plan
• blockade southern ports
• patroll 3550 miles of coastline and block avenues of supply

• offensive defensive plans
• not a plan of conquest at South Claims independence
• attack when feasible
• use inferior transport lines to concentrate troops a key points
• recognize North advantages in resources

• increase in taxes
• farmer required to switch from cash  crops to food crops
• slaves instructed to build fornications
• troops confiscate food sources from farms
• railroads under complete control of government

• iron factories constructed
• new railroad lines built

• a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons use the territory or combat involved  or the objectives pursued
• Risks involved:
• vulnerable   communication and supply lines and
• a truly National resistance
• geographic size of south

• 40,000 soldiers left to defend Atlanta
• 60,000 soldiers lead by Sherman head towards the Atlantic Ocean