The flashcards below were created by user
rileyrichardson
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Old Regime Description
Social, Political, and Economic relations in pre-revolutionary Europe.
-
Characteristics of aristocracy in 18th c. Europe
- 1-5% of population
- Set tone of polite society
- Hereditary Birthright
- Wealthiest
- No Labor
- Held most of the power
-
Facts of French Nobility
- They were exempt from taille, vingtieme, corvees
- Nobles of the sword, the robe, Court Nobles, Hoberaux
-
Features and Facts of Eastern Europe
- Polish Nobility= Schlachta; held aurthority of life & death.
- Prussia Nobility= Junker, Frederick the Great
- Russian Nobles= Boyards, lost a lot power during reign of Peter the Great. Table of Ranks
-
Aristotic Resurgence
The attempts of nobility to respond to social & political influence of monarchy
-
Economic basis of 18th c. life
Land, stable crop of wheat & grain
-
Benefits of English game laws
- Benefitted: English Nobility Landowners
- Excluded: Peasantry, Middle Class
-
Family Economy Characteristics
- Dominated all social classes
- Families provided for themselves
- Everyone pulled their weight
-
Concerns of married women in pre-industrial Europe
Provide enough food for family
-
Characteristics about children in 18th century
- Sometimes birth of child not welcome, led to orphans, and murders
- illegitimate birthrate increase
- Wet Nursing
- Rise of food prices led to abandonment of children
- Started to educate kids
-
Bread prices during 18th century
Slow & steady rise
-
Agricultural methods used by the Dutch
- Built better dikes & leveys, polders
- Turnips & clover increased folder & help restore soil
-
Europe's population from 1700 to 1800
120 million- 190 million
-
Crops introduced to Europe from New World and their impacts
Potatoes & Maize/Corn
-
-
Charles "Turnip" Townsend
- Fertilizer
- Rotation of Fields
-
Bakewell
Selective Breeding
-
Enclosure/Movement
- Consolidated
- Wasted Land-->Block Land
- Disruption of society
- Urban Immigration
- Produced more crops
-
Open-Field System
- 2-3 Field System
- Not efficient
- Adequate Food Supply
-
Causes, effects, and characteristics of 18th century consumer revolution
- Population Explosion
- Disposable Income
- Capitalism
-
Industry which pioneered the Industrial Revolution
Textile production
-
Water Frame
- Richard Arkwright
- *Pure Cotton Fabric
-
Spinning Jenny
- James Hargreaves
- *Produced more thread
- *Increase of 16 spindles to 120
- Bottleneck
-
Flying Shuttle
- John Kay
- *Increased woven fabric production
- Bottleneck
-
The Power Loom
Urbanization
-
Uses of Steam Engine
Prime mover of all types of industries, textile, mining, transportation
-
Impact of Steam Engine
Urbanization & Industrialization
-
Inventors of Steam Engine
- Thomas Newcomen
- James Watt
-
Henry Cort and Iron production during the 18th century
Couldn't heat enough
-
Putting-out system of textile production
- Stuff handed out to peasants to help weave
- Products then collected and sold to make profit
-
Reasons for England being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution
- London
- Extensive free trade
- Mineral Resources
-
Impact of agricultural and Industrial Revolutions on women
- Role in workplace diminished
- Woman get less skilled jobs=less wages
- No equal role to men
- Commonly housewives
-
Locations of main Jewish populations in 18th c.
- Poland
- Lithuania
- Ukraine
- Ghettos
-
Stages of European contact with rest of the world since the Renaissance
- European Discovery & Settlement of New World
- Mercantile Empires/ Colonial Stage; Trade being engaged
- Empiralism
- Mid-late 20th century decentralization of people who lived under European rule
-
Factors that allowed European nations to dominate the rest of the world
- Technological supremacy
- Naval Power
- Gun Power
-
Fundamental Institution present during 1st two periods of European imperialism in new world
Slavery
-
Main rivals during the era of colonization
-
Description of Mercantilism
Economic practice whereby governments heavily regulated commerce & trade for own wealth
-
Purposes of colonies and home country in Mercantilism
- Colonies existed to provide markets and natural resources
- Home country was to protect and administer the colonies
-
Peninsulares
People Born in Spain and settled in new world
-
Purpose of the Spanish Empire until mid 18th century
Take out precious metals mined in the New World
-
Formative influences on Enlightenment
- Isaac Newton
- John Locke
- Britain
- Vast amounts of printed material
-
Uniqueness of Britain politically and socially leading up to Enlightenment
Most free nation
-
Public Opinion
- Print culture creates literacy, educated society
- Now think on their own
-
Print Culture
- Magazines
- Newspapers
- etc...
-
Creole
People of European descent born in new world
-
Two areas of conflict during mid-18th century among great nations
- Overseas Empire
- Central & Eastern Europe
-
Cause and purpose of War of Jenkins' Ear
- Colonial conflict between England & Spain
- They tried to open up avenues & trade routes
- Jenkin had his ear cut off by Spanish, and took it to parliament. He convinced Robert Walpole to open war with Spain.
- Opened flood gates.
-
Effects of Frederick II's invasion of Silesia
- Prussia invades Ausria
- Maria Theresa was in power
- Able to get support but lost absolute power.
- France & Britain were drawn in
- France with Prussia
- Britain with Austria
- France was weakened
-
Alliances and significance of the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
- Great change of partners
- Britain & Prussia
- France & Austria
-
Purpose of the Stamp Act
Raise revenue by British for British
-
Characteristics of the Intolerable Acts
- Closed Boston port
- Allowed groups to be quartered in private houses
- Reorganized gov. of Masse with Brit
-
"Common Sense"
- Thomas Payne
- Suggested separation from Britain
- Revolutionary document
-
Results/outcomes of the American Revolution concerning slavery, rights and society
- Women didn't achieve political equality
- No new set of elites
- Did not allow U.S. to become major power, did not end slavery
-
Reason for American resentment towards British attempts to tax them
No taxation without representation
-
Ideas and events that American ideals were based upon
- 1688 Glorious Revolution
- English Bill of Rights
- John Locke
- Montesquieus
-
Voltaire's views and literary works on Britain
- Wisest model of liberal democracy
- Letters on the English
-
Voltaire's literary works and their subject matters
- Most important Candide
- Mock optimist
-
Philosophes criticism of Christian Church
- Mankind was in a state of sin
- They believed tabula rosa was based on exper
- Eccles took to role should separate church & state
- Focused on after life should be on here & now
-
Major points of the Deists Creed
- God exist
- Rational
- Life after death
-
Ethics
- Baruch Spinoza
- Drew god and nature close
-
Moses Medelsohn
- Leading Jewish Philosopher
- "Jewish Socrates"
- Jerusalem
- On Ecclesiastical Power and Judaism
- Portrayal for Nathan the Wise
- Religious Toleration
-
Pascal's view of Islam
- Pensees
- Islam as false religion
-
Editors, contributors, topics/themes and effects of The Encyclopedia
- Dederot & d'Alembert
- Spread enlightenment
- Religion, government, structure, etc.
-
On Crimes and Punishments
- Marquis Cesare Beccaria
- Attacked torture and Capital Punishment
-
Adam Smith and views on Mercantilism
It should be ablolished
-
The Wealth of Nations
- Government providing more
- Four-stage theory
-
Role and purpose of government according to Adam Smith
Government should provide schools, armies, navies, roads.
-
Adam Smith's four-stage theory
- Hunting/Gathering
- Patoral/Herding
- Agricultural
- Commercial
-
Laissez-faire economics
Limited role for the government
-
Beliefs of Physiocrats
Believed governments role was to protect property and permit its owners to use it freely
-
Rousseau & human nature, evil in the world, views on women and individualism vs. community
Evil was from the uneven distribution of land
-
Monesquieu's literary works, views on Govt., England, preffered govt. for France, etc.
- Lawyer
- Noble of the Robe
- Persian Letters
- Spirit of the Laws
-
Philosophes views on women
Promoters
-
Characterisitics, themes, examples and supporters of Neoclassical Art
- Renaissance & Ancient World
- Embraced by French Revolution & Napoleon
- Jacques-Louis David
- Jean-Antoine Houdon
-
Characterisitics, themes, examples and supporters of Rococo Art
- Lavish
- Play of Light
- Jean-Antoine Watteau
-
Enlightened absolutism under Frederick the Great & self proclaimed title
- Promotion through merit
- Religious toleration
- "First servant of the state"
-
Enlightened absolutism under Catherine the Great
- Limited Administrative Reform
- Economic Growth
- Territorial Expansion
|
|