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What does the CNS consist of
The Brain and the Spinal Cord
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What are the two nervous systems?
- 1) CNS=central nervous system
- 2) PNS=peripheral nervous system
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What does the Peripheral nervous system consist of?
Anything outside of the Brain and Spinal cord
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What does nervous tissue create?
- 1) Brain
- 2) Spinal Cord
- 3) Nerves
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Define Nerves
A bundle of hundreds to thousands of axons of neurons that are part of the PNS
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What are the two general categories of nerves?
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
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How many nerves do the cranial have
12 nerves
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how many nerves does the spinal have
- 31 nerves
- 8-cervical
- 12-thoracic
- 5-lumbar
- 5-sacral
- 1-cocyct
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What are the two types of cells that make up the nervous system?
Neuron cells and neuroglia cells
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What is the function of neuron cells
They receive and transmit information-rarely divide
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What is the function of neuroglia cells
support,protect, provide nutrients and increase the travel speed of information
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Define motor neuron
a neuron that innervates and stimulates a muscle cell or gland
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What is the function of Dendrites?
send and receive signals from other nerve cells or sensory receptors
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What is the function of neuron axon?
an axon relays action potential to other nerve cells or glands
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What is the function of neuron cell axon hillock?
Axon hillock connects the cell body to the axon
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what is the function of the initial segment in a neuron cell?
Inital segment starts action potential
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What is the function of axon collateral?
an axon collateral sends information to other nerve cells or glands
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what is the function of an axon terminal in a neuron cell?
fine processes at the ends of axons
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What is the function of the synaptic end bulb in a neuron cell?
store and release neurotransmitters
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What is? and what is the function of myelin sheath in a neuron cell?
its a multi-layered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon and increases the travel speed of nerve impulse
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What are Nodes of ranvier?
gaps in the myelin sheath along the length of the axon
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What is a Schwann cell and what is its function?
flattened cells that encircle PNS axons and produce myelin sheath, it allows action potential to leap across
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what is the difference between a neuron cell and a neuroglia cell?
Neurons receive and transmit information and the neuroglia cell support the neurons
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How many types of neuroglia cells are there?
there are four types of neuroglia cells
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what are the four types of neuroglia cells?
- 1) Astrocytes cells
- 2) Oligodendrocytes cells
- 3) Microglia cells
- 4) Ependimal cells
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What is the function of Astrocytes neuroglia cells?
- 1)provide physical support
- 2)creates brain blood barrier
- 3)regulates growth,migration and interconnection among neurons
- 4)play a role learning a memory
- 5)maintain proper chemical environment for neurons
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What is the function of Oligodendrocytes cells?
they support and produce myelin sheath
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What is the function of a microglia cell?
They act as the first and main ACTIVE immune defense in the CNS. Microglia phagocytize pathogens within the CNS.
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What is the function of Ependimal neuroglia cells?
produce cerebral spinal fluid
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What are the two neuron cells used in the PNS?
- 1) Schwann cells
- 2) Satellite cells
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What is the function of a schwann cell?
They produce myelin sheath, help in cell regeneration and allow action potential to leap from one side to the other
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what is the function of satellite cells in the PNS?
insulates cell from surrounding environment.
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How many types of nervous tissue are there?
- six types
- 1-Astrocytes cells
- 2-Oligodendrocytes cells
- 3-Microglia cells
- 4-Ependimal cells
- 5-Schwann cells
- 6-satellite cells
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Which cell type lines the ventricles of the central nervous system?
Ependymal Cell
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Which cell forms myelin in the CNS
Oligodendroglia Cells
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