Nutrition 1020

Composition: Carbohydrate is made of the elements carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen.

Organic Compound: Carbohydrate is organic because it contains carbon. It is a compound because it has more than one element in its structure.

• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose

• Sucrose
• Maltose
• -Lactose

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

• – Glucose is blood sugar
• – Fructose is fruit sugar
• – Sucrose is table sugar
• – Lactose is milk sugar
• – Maltose is malt sugar

– Alpha linked glucose molecules in starch can be broken apart by the enzyme alpha-amylase to produce energy.

– The glucose units that are released are absorbed into the blood stream.

• – Beta linked glucose molecules cannot be broken apart by human enzymes so no energy is produced.
• – The glucose units are not released and thus fiber is not absorbed.
• – Cellulose is the most common type of fiber.

• Grains, Cereals, & Legumes:Pasta, bread, cold/hot cereal,rice, oats, kidney beans, etc.

• Fruits & Vegetables

• Starchy Vegetables: Corn,potato, peas, acorn squash, etc.

• Simple carbohydrates:Fruit, table sugar, sweets &sugar sweetened cereals.

• Complex carbohydrates:Vegetables, starchy vegetables, grains,legumes, & whole grain cereals.

• Milk (& milk products yogurt &cheese) contain lactose.

• Honey contains glucose, fructose &small amounts of other sugars.

• Animal foods usually provide mostly protein & fat.

• Milk & milk products also provide protein & varying amounts of fat.

45-65% of Calories from carbohydrates

Subunit:

<25% of Calories from sugars

The dietary recommendation for fiber is 1.4 gram per 100 Calories consumed

• • Provides 7 Calories/gram.
• • Is a carbohydrate related substance.
• • Lacks nutritional value.
• • Is a CNS depressant.
• • Is considered a drug.
• • Is commonly ingested.
• • One serving per day may reduce heart disease risk but increase cancer risk.