History Midterm

The prosperity of the"golden age" of the 1950's helped blind many Americans to the fact that:

A. More than 30 million Americans continued to live in poverty
B. Inflation was often over 10% per year
C. Unemployment hovered between 15% and 20%
D. The gross national product grew less than 20% between 1945 and 1960

During the 1950's and 1960's, the American economy saw all of the following developments increase except:

A. Increasing automation
B. Continued emphasis on Keynesian (capitalist) methods
C. Lower unemployment
D. Decrease in supply of consumer products

By 1960, the amount of the nation's population that lived in the suburbs was:

A. One third
B. One eighth
C. Two thirds
D. One half

During the 1950's, television developed many examples of all of the following program types except:

A. Children's shows
B. Situation comedies
C. News programs
D. Daytime talk shows

Though he made a few films such as Rebel Without a Cause, the 1950's "bad boy" actor whose image became the icon for the era was:

A. Jack Kerouac
B. Humphrey Bogart
C. James Dean
D. Marlon Brando

By the early 1960's, almost half of the poor in the US were:

A. Hispanic Americans
B. Children
C. Native Americans
D. African American

The GI Bill was designed to:

A. Provide scholarships for veterans' children
B. Increase the number of people in the military
C. Ease the transition from military life to civilian life
D. Provide employment for returning veterans

After World War II, working-class Americans

A. Could afford only basic necessities
B. Had no discretionary income
C. Experienced a decrease in their real income
D. Began to accumulate discretionary income

Which of the following statements describes an effect of the baby boom in the 1950's? 

A. It lowered school attendance
B. It fueled the economy
C. It slowed the construction industry
D. It depressed the economy

In keeping with the new policy of termination, the United States government:

A.  Closed all Native American reservations
B. Helped Native Americans maintain their culture and lifestyle.
C. Funded Native American owned businesses to end the high unemployment on the reservations
D. Turned over thousands of acres of Native American land to business interests

The economic expansion of the 1950's and early 1960's was caused by all of the following developments except:

A. A rise in family incomes
B. The rapid expansion of suburbs
C. An increase in the national birth rate
D. The end of the Korean War

A consumer culture appeared in the 1950's because of all of the following developments except:

A. Fear of a nuclear attack and a desire to "be prepared"
B. The creation of credit cards and easy payment plans
C. The connection between television and the marketing of new goods
D. An increased ability of advertisers to create demand for new products

The growth of suburbs resulted from all of the following except:

A. A renewed emphasis on family life following years of war during which families had often been separated or disrupted
B. Mass production techniques that provided inexpensive homes
C. The desire to escape urban neighborhoods and schools
D. The desire of people to isolate themselves from the sense of community that often developed in the crowded cities

Which of the following did NOT lower McCarthy's popularity?

A. When he was proven to be a Communist
B. Employing cruel methods against his opponents while on television
C. Failing to prove any of his charges in the hearings involving the army
D. Being condemned by the Senate for "conduct unbecoming a Senator"

Due to the rise in popularity of religious affiliation, the government added the phrase "_________" to its currency in the 1950's.

Wrote the Feminine Mystic- a critical look at the role of women in 1950's society

Was a program for migrant workers aimed at decreasing illegal immigration into America and increasing US farm production.

Led the beat movement.

Michael Harrington made the argument that poverty was worse in the 1950's than in the __________.

The minority group that was subject to the worst conditions of poverty was the ___________. 

During American involvement in World War II, African-American leaders tried to end discrimination by:

A. All of the answers below
B. Threatening marches to apply pressure on companies with government contracts
C. Organizing to demand integration in war-production industries
D. Forcing the government to organize a commission to investigate discrimination

What was the purpose of the War Production Board?

A. Discourage rationing
B. To increase production of consumer goods
C. Limit the production of materials not essential to the war effort
D. Not to contribute funds to building new factories

For most of the war, major labor unions:

A. Often held up war production by staging strikes
B. Voted to decrease wages to aid the war effort
C. Had no reason to strike
D. Pledged not to strike for higher wages

Compared with women who worked outside the home before 1939, the new working women of World War II were more likely to be: 

A. Younger than in the past
B. Single rather than married
C. All of the answers below
D. Engaged in heavy industrial work
E. Employed in rural areas

Because of angry emotions stirred by World War II, Americans treated immigrants to the United States from the enemy country of ___________ very harshly.

A. Germany
B. All of the answers below
C. Japan
D. Italy
E. Austria

The US government interned many Japanese Americans in "relocation camps" because:

A. Many American military leaders unjustly regarded them as a threat to the security of the West Coast
B. Some of them had engaged in conspiracies on behalf of their homeland
C. They were mainly first-generation immigrants who were born in Japan and retained Japanese culture
D. They refused to serve in the US armed forces

During World War II, the Allies split Europe into two theaters of operation, with:

A. The Americans and the British fighting in the southern half and the Soviets fighting in the northern half
B. The Americans and the British fighting in the western half and the Soviets fighting in the eastern half
C. The Americans and the British fighting in the eastern half and the Soviets fighting in the northern half
D. The Americans and the British fighting in the eastern half and the Soviets fighting in the western half

The economic pressures placed on Japan by the United States in response to Japanese aggression in Asia led to:

A. A temporary halt of offensive action by Japan against the US
B. The return of Manchuria to China
C. An Open Door policy to China
D. Offensive action by Japan against the US

The American Strategy designed to defeat Japan in the Pacific was to:

A. Prevent an invasion of Hawaii by the Japanese
B. Methodically take each Japanese-held island one by one
C. Bypass the islands and focus all strength on an invasion of Japan
D. Concentrate on more important islands

During World War II, changes to American domestic life included:

A. A significant decrease in personal income
B. A drop in pay for most workers
C. A continuation of the Great Depression
D. An increase in people's ability to save money

Lifelong pacifist who was the sole vote against the US entering World War II.

General _________ led the major Allied invasion of France across the English Channel that began on June 6, 1944.

Effects of the launching of Sputnik included:

A. Calls for more funding for science education in America
B. A loss of credibility for the scientists of the Soviet Union
C. The growth of the antiwar movement
D. Tax cuts that were meant to stimulate a faltering economy
E. Protests about excessive government spending

The Eisenhower administration's policy in the Middle East included all of the following except:

A. The aiding of any Middle Eastern country who is fighting Communism
B. Support for the British and French invasion of the Suez
C. The use of the CIA to help stage a coup to overthrow the nationalist prime minister of Iran and replace him with a pro-American leader
D. The withdrawal of offers to Egypt to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile as punishment for that government's friendliness towards the Soviet Union

Success for the 1961 American-aided invasion of Cuba depended on:

A. The destruction of Russian missile sites
B. The cooperation of the British Navy
C. An anti-Castro uprising in Cuba
D. Support from the United States Navy

The Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved when:

A. The United States launched an air attack on Cuba
B. The United States invaded Cuba with a force of Cuban exiles
C. Kennedy accepted Khrushchev's offer to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for Kennedy's pledge not to invade the island
D. The Soviet Union agreed to remove the missile bases from Cuba in exchange for an agreement on arms limitation
E. The US Senate refused to sanction the blockade and Kennedy had to remove the "quarantine"

Because emerging nations were loyal neither to the Soviet Union nor the US, they:

A. Became a new Cold War battleground
B. Generally preferred to remain under colonial rule
C. Remained loyal only to themselves
D. Were not important to either of these countries

The South Union was not present for the Security Council's vote on whether to intervene in South Korea because:

A. They were protesting the removal of their ally from the UN
B. America misinformed them of the time of the vote
C. They knew China would veto the motion
D. They were temporarily removed from the Security Council

The Atlantic Charter outlined a vision of the postwar world that would:

A. Set up a system of military alliances and spheres of influence
B. Set up a post war world in which all countries had the right to self-determination
C. Reestablish a system vaguely similar to the traditional European balance of power
D. Organize spheres of influence in international trade
E. Allow the Soviet Union to control central and eastern Europe as a buffer against future invasions

During the struggle in China between nationalists and communists after World War II, the United States:

A. Intervened militarily to put an end to the struggle
B. Continued to support Chiang Kai Shek with money and weapons even when it became clear that the resources were not being used properly
C. Supported the communist leader Mao Zedong, hoping that a Communist China that was friendly to the United States would help stop Soviet aggression
D. Tool a "hands off" approach by encouraging China to solve its own problems
E. Supported Ho Chi Minh, a compromise leader

Truman's policy of "containment" called for the United States to:

A. Support free people who were resisting communist expansion
B. Cut off all foreign aid to nations outside western Europe
C. Do as little as possible to maintain the fragile peace
D. Use aggressive military action to overthrow communist governments in eastern Europe
E. Return to the isolationism of the 1920's and 1930's 

Above all other reasons, policy makers supported the Marshall Plan because they:

A. Worried that a revitalized Japan would threaten American trade
B. Desired a strong European market for American goods
C. Had a humanitarian concern for the European people
D. Feared that the shaky pro-American governments in western Europe might fall under communist control

The Marshall Plan adopted policies towards communist countries that:

A. Excluded the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites from assistance
B. Excluded the Soviet Union from assistance
C. Offered assistance to the Soviet Union and its eastern European allies' satellites, and they eagerly accepted
D. Included financial aid for Japan but not the Soviet Union
E. Offered assistance to the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites, but they refused

In 1948, Stalin initiated the Berlin Blockade in response to: 

A. The merging of the American, British, and French zones of Germany to create a new West German Republic
B. The launching of the Marshall Plan
C. Allegations that Alger Hiss was stealing and sending diplomatic secrets to the Soviet Union
D. The buildup of the American military in Japan
E. The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization involved all of the following except:

A. The United States Senate did not ratify the charter until a decade after the organization was formed
B. The Soviet Union responded to its formation with the creation of the Warsaw Pact
C. Continues today with over 20 member countries
D. The members declared that an armed attack against one member would be considered an attack on all

The United States refused to support the British, French, and Israelis in the 1956 Suez invasion because:

A. General Nasser was receiving American financial aid to build the Aswan Dam
B. Britain and France were not trusted by the Eisenhower administration
C. General Nasser threatened to launch terrorist attack against the US
D. It feared that the Arab nations would become allies of the Soviet Union
E. The Soviets threatened to take the issue to the United Nations if the United States supported the invasion

The term "massive resistance" was a slogan and policy most closely associated with:

A. Thurgood Marshall and support for the Brown decision
B. John Foster Dulles and his new policy concerning Communism
C. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
D. Orval Faubus and Southern opposition to the Brown decision

The most significant accomplishment  of the Montgomery boycott was that it led to:

A. Most Southern whites accepting desegregation with no further resistance
B. The creation of the NAACP
C. Immediate victory over segregation laws concerning public transportation
D. The elevation of Martin Luther King Jr., to prominence as a civil rights leader

This organization was founded by those involved in the first sit-in protests.

A. SNCC
B. NOW
C. SCLC
D. CORE

"Freedom riders" in the early 1960's aimed at:

A. The integration of public schools
B. An end to discrimination in employment
C. The promotion of voting rights for all
D. The desegregation of interstate buses

Following the racial violence in Alabama and Mississippi in 1962 and 1963, President Kennedy:

A. Issued an executive order that ended segregation in the armed forces
B. Introduced legislation to end segregation in public accommodations
C. Resisted making a commitment to reform
D. Ordered that public schools be desegragated

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed after the staging of which protests?

A. March on Washington
B. March from Selma to Birmingham
C. Demonstrations in Birmingham
D. Freedom Rides

"With all deliberate speed" refers to the desegregation of:

A. Public areas
B. Schools
C. Busses
D. Voting polls

The "sit-in" movement of protest in the early 1960's resulted in:

A. The sending of federal marshals to some Southern restaurants
B. The integration of some public eating facilities
C. All of the answers below
D. The demise of student activists organizations
E. The creation of the Black Panthers

The tenets of the philosophy of "Black Power" led to all of the following developments except:

A. The emergence of the Black Panthers
B. The increase in young people choosing radical alternatives
C. The attempt to exclude sympathetic whites from the movements
D. The consolidation of civil rights organizations
E. The fostering of racial pride

Which of the following describes President Eisenhower's initial public attitude towards segregation?

A. Supported segregation
B. Favored segregation of schools
C. Opposed segregation
D. Attempted to be neutral on segregation

Stokely Carmichael differed from Martin Luther King Jr. in that Carmichael:

A. Believed in violent confrontation
B. Believed in nonviolent resistance
C. Did not lead any organizations
D. Did not believe in advancing African-Americans politically

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 provided for the:

A. Use of literacy tests for white voters
B. End of literacy tests in voter registration
C. Use of federal troops on election day
D. Limits on black voting priveleges

The Southern Manifesto encouraged white Southerners to:

A. Embrace desegragation
B. March against civil rights
C. Obey law enforcement
D. Defy the Supreme Court

In 1957, in Little Rock, Arkansas, the governor tried to prevent African American students from entering a white high school by:

A. Deploying the National Guard
B. Hiring the Ku Klux Klan
C. Redrawing the school district
D. Closing the schools

The organization founded by student civil rights activists was:

A. SCLC
B. NAACP
C. ACLC
D. SNCC

Who was the first United States President to support Civil Rights legislation:

A. JFK
B. Eisenhower
C. Nixon
D. Truman

After his pilgrimage to Mekkah, Malcolm X concluded that:

A. Black Power meant self-sufficiency
B. An integrated society was possible
C. Assimilation was key to a successfully integrated society
D. A "seperate but equal" society was possible

List the four steps of Civil Disobedience:

The Supreme Court Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who made sweeping reforms concerning civil liberties

The Supreme Court Case that mandates a warrant be provided prior to a search and seizure

The Supreme Court case that mandates all suspects are read their rights upon being taken into custody is:

The Supreme Court case that forbids school prayer is:

During the 1960 election campaign, television aired its first:

A. Political Commentary
B. Presidential Speech
C. Presidential Debate
D. Results of the Election

The Republican nominee for president in the 1960 election was:

A. Everrett Dirksen
B. Eric Sevareid
C. Richard Nixon
D. John Glenn

The resolution of the Cuban missile Crisis involved 3 key decisions:
1. The Soviet Union promised to remove missiles from Cuba
2. The US promised never to invade Cuba
3. The US promised to:

A. Remove missiles from Turkey
B. Remove missiles from China
C. Remove missiles from Alaska
D. Remove missiles from Florida

Kennedy's "flexible response" plan called for:

A. A buildup of nuclear weapons
B. A commitment to negotiation
C. A commitment to fight Communism
D. A buildup of conventional weapons

Kennedy was unable to pass many of his domestic programs because:

A. The Democrats held only a small majority in the Senate
B. Many conservative Democrats and Republicans believed that the New Frontier was too expensive
C. The Republicans held a large majority in the House of Representatives
D. Republicans controlled the most influential committee in Congress

The Alliance for Progress was a:

A. Series of programs to improve life in America
B. Job program that sent young people to work in poor American school districts
C. Series of cooperative aid projects with Latin American countries
D. Free-trade agreement between the US and Latin American countries

Johnson's domestic program centered upon the issues of:

A. Economic strength
B. Decreasing the national debt
C. Fiscal conservatism
D. Social welfare

The reform program of Lyndon Johnson became known as the:

A. Fair Deal
B. Square Deal
C. Great Society
D. New Frontier

Preschool programs for the disadvantaged:

A. Medicaid
B. Medicare
C. Job Corps
D. Youth Corps
E. Head Start
F. Upward Bound
G. VISTA

Government-funded health insurance for the elderly:

A. Head Start
B. Youth Corps
C. Medicaid
D. Upward Bound
E. Job Corps
F. Medicare
G. VISTA

Put young volunteers to work in poor neighborhoods:

A. Medicaid
B. Upward Bound
C. VISTA
D. Job Corps
E. Youth Corps
F. Head Start
G. Medicare

Provided college preparation for low-income teenagers:

A. Upward Bound
B. Medicare
C. VISTA
D. Youth Corps
E. Job Corps
F. Medicaid
G. Head Start

Helped young, unemployed people acquire employment skills:

A. Upward Bound
B. Head Start
C. VISTA
D. Job Corps
E. Medicaid
F. Medicare
G. Youth Corps