History Midterm

The prosperity of the"golden age" of the 1950's helped blind many Americans to the fact that:

A. Unemployment hovered between 15% and 20%
B. Inflation was often over 10% per year
C. The gross national product grew less than 20% between 1945 and 1960
D. More than 30 million Americans continued to live in poverty

During the 1950's and 1960's, the American economy saw all of the following developments increase except:

A. Decrease in supply of consumer products
B. Lower unemployment
C. Increasing automation
D. Continued emphasis on Keynesian (capitalist) methods

By 1960, the amount of the nation's population that lived in the suburbs was:

A. Two thirds
B. One half
C. One eighth
D. One third

During the 1950's, television developed many examples of all of the following program types except:

A. Children's shows
B. News programs
C. Daytime talk shows
D. Situation comedies

Though he made a few films such as Rebel Without a Cause, the 1950's "bad boy" actor whose image became the icon for the era was:

A. Jack Kerouac
B. Marlon Brando
C. Humphrey Bogart
D. James Dean

By the early 1960's, almost half of the poor in the US were:

A. Children
B. Hispanic Americans
C. African American
D. Native Americans

The GI Bill was designed to:

A. Increase the number of people in the military
B. Ease the transition from military life to civilian life
C. Provide employment for returning veterans
D. Provide scholarships for veterans' children

After World War II, working-class Americans

A. Began to accumulate discretionary income
B. Had no discretionary income
C. Could afford only basic necessities
D. Experienced a decrease in their real income

Which of the following statements describes an effect of the baby boom in the 1950's? 

A. It slowed the construction industry
B. It depressed the economy
C. It lowered school attendance
D. It fueled the economy

In keeping with the new policy of termination, the United States government:

A.  Closed all Native American reservations
B. Turned over thousands of acres of Native American land to business interests
C. Funded Native American owned businesses to end the high unemployment on the reservations
D. Helped Native Americans maintain their culture and lifestyle.

The economic expansion of the 1950's and early 1960's was caused by all of the following developments except:

A. The rapid expansion of suburbs
B. The end of the Korean War
C. A rise in family incomes
D. An increase in the national birth rate

A consumer culture appeared in the 1950's because of all of the following developments except:

A. An increased ability of advertisers to create demand for new products
B. The creation of credit cards and easy payment plans
C. The connection between television and the marketing of new goods
D. Fear of a nuclear attack and a desire to "be prepared"

The growth of suburbs resulted from all of the following except:

A. A renewed emphasis on family life following years of war during which families had often been separated or disrupted
B. The desire to escape urban neighborhoods and schools
C. Mass production techniques that provided inexpensive homes
D. The desire of people to isolate themselves from the sense of community that often developed in the crowded cities

Which of the following did NOT lower McCarthy's popularity?

A. Being condemned by the Senate for "conduct unbecoming a Senator"
B. Employing cruel methods against his opponents while on television
C. Failing to prove any of his charges in the hearings involving the army
D. When he was proven to be a Communist

Due to the rise in popularity of religious affiliation, the government added the phrase "_________" to its currency in the 1950's.

Wrote the Feminine Mystic- a critical look at the role of women in 1950's society

Was a program for migrant workers aimed at decreasing illegal immigration into America and increasing US farm production.

Led the beat movement.

Michael Harrington made the argument that poverty was worse in the 1950's than in the __________.

The minority group that was subject to the worst conditions of poverty was the ___________. 

During American involvement in World War II, African-American leaders tried to end discrimination by:

A. Organizing to demand integration in war-production industries
B. Threatening marches to apply pressure on companies with government contracts
C. Forcing the government to organize a commission to investigate discrimination
D. All of the answers below

What was the purpose of the War Production Board?

A. Not to contribute funds to building new factories
B. Limit the production of materials not essential to the war effort
C. Discourage rationing
D. To increase production of consumer goods

For most of the war, major labor unions:

A. Often held up war production by staging strikes
B. Pledged not to strike for higher wages
C. Voted to decrease wages to aid the war effort
D. Had no reason to strike

Compared with women who worked outside the home before 1939, the new working women of World War II were more likely to be: 

A. Single rather than married
B. Younger than in the past
C. Engaged in heavy industrial work
D. All of the answers below
E. Employed in rural areas

Because of angry emotions stirred by World War II, Americans treated immigrants to the United States from the enemy country of ___________ very harshly.

A. All of the answers below
B. Austria
C. Italy
D. Germany
E. Japan

The US government interned many Japanese Americans in "relocation camps" because:

A. They refused to serve in the US armed forces
B. They were mainly first-generation immigrants who were born in Japan and retained Japanese culture
C. Some of them had engaged in conspiracies on behalf of their homeland
D. Many American military leaders unjustly regarded them as a threat to the security of the West Coast

During World War II, the Allies split Europe into two theaters of operation, with:

A. The Americans and the British fighting in the western half and the Soviets fighting in the eastern half
B. The Americans and the British fighting in the southern half and the Soviets fighting in the northern half
C. The Americans and the British fighting in the eastern half and the Soviets fighting in the western half
D. The Americans and the British fighting in the eastern half and the Soviets fighting in the northern half

The economic pressures placed on Japan by the United States in response to Japanese aggression in Asia led to:

A. Offensive action by Japan against the US
B. The return of Manchuria to China
C. An Open Door policy to China
D. A temporary halt of offensive action by Japan against the US

The American Strategy designed to defeat Japan in the Pacific was to:

A. Prevent an invasion of Hawaii by the Japanese
B. Methodically take each Japanese-held island one by one
C. Concentrate on more important islands
D. Bypass the islands and focus all strength on an invasion of Japan

During World War II, changes to American domestic life included:

A. A drop in pay for most workers
B. An increase in people's ability to save money
C. A continuation of the Great Depression
D. A significant decrease in personal income

Lifelong pacifist who was the sole vote against the US entering World War II.

General _________ led the major Allied invasion of France across the English Channel that began on June 6, 1944.

Effects of the launching of Sputnik included:

A. The growth of the antiwar movement
B. Tax cuts that were meant to stimulate a faltering economy
C. Protests about excessive government spending
D. A loss of credibility for the scientists of the Soviet Union
E. Calls for more funding for science education in America

The Eisenhower administration's policy in the Middle East included all of the following except:

A. The aiding of any Middle Eastern country who is fighting Communism
B. Support for the British and French invasion of the Suez
C. The use of the CIA to help stage a coup to overthrow the nationalist prime minister of Iran and replace him with a pro-American leader
D. The withdrawal of offers to Egypt to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile as punishment for that government's friendliness towards the Soviet Union

Success for the 1961 American-aided invasion of Cuba depended on:

A. The destruction of Russian missile sites
B. The cooperation of the British Navy
C. An anti-Castro uprising in Cuba
D. Support from the United States Navy

The Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved when:

A. The United States invaded Cuba with a force of Cuban exiles
B. The Soviet Union agreed to remove the missile bases from Cuba in exchange for an agreement on arms limitation
C. The United States launched an air attack on Cuba
D. The US Senate refused to sanction the blockade and Kennedy had to remove the "quarantine"
E. Kennedy accepted Khrushchev's offer to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for Kennedy's pledge not to invade the island

Because emerging nations were loyal neither to the Soviet Union nor the US, they:

A. Remained loyal only to themselves
B. Became a new Cold War battleground
C. Generally preferred to remain under colonial rule
D. Were not important to either of these countries

The South Union was not present for the Security Council's vote on whether to intervene in South Korea because:

A. They knew China would veto the motion
B. They were protesting the removal of their ally from the UN
C. They were temporarily removed from the Security Council
D. America misinformed them of the time of the vote

The Atlantic Charter outlined a vision of the postwar world that would:

A. Set up a system of military alliances and spheres of influence
B. Set up a post war world in which all countries had the right to self-determination
C. Allow the Soviet Union to control central and eastern Europe as a buffer against future invasions
D. Reestablish a system vaguely similar to the traditional European balance of power
E. Organize spheres of influence in international trade

During the struggle in China between nationalists and communists after World War II, the United States:

A. Supported the communist leader Mao Zedong, hoping that a Communist China that was friendly to the United States would help stop Soviet aggression
B. Tool a "hands off" approach by encouraging China to solve its own problems
C. Supported Ho Chi Minh, a compromise leader
D. Intervened militarily to put an end to the struggle
E. Continued to support Chiang Kai Shek with money and weapons even when it became clear that the resources were not being used properly

Truman's policy of "containment" called for the United States to:

A. Return to the isolationism of the 1920's and 1930's 
B. Use aggressive military action to overthrow communist governments in eastern Europe
C. Cut off all foreign aid to nations outside western Europe
D. Do as little as possible to maintain the fragile peace
E. Support free people who were resisting communist expansion

Above all other reasons, policy makers supported the Marshall Plan because they:

A. Had a humanitarian concern for the European people
B. Worried that a revitalized Japan would threaten American trade
C. Feared that the shaky pro-American governments in western Europe might fall under communist control
D. Desired a strong European market for American goods

The Marshall Plan adopted policies towards communist countries that:

A. Offered assistance to the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites, but they refused
B. Offered assistance to the Soviet Union and its eastern European allies' satellites, and they eagerly accepted
C. Included financial aid for Japan but not the Soviet Union
D. Excluded the Soviet Union from assistance
E. Excluded the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites from assistance

In 1948, Stalin initiated the Berlin Blockade in response to: 

A. The buildup of the American military in Japan
B. The merging of the American, British, and French zones of Germany to create a new West German Republic
C. The launching of the Marshall Plan
D. Allegations that Alger Hiss was stealing and sending diplomatic secrets to the Soviet Union
E. The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization involved all of the following except:

A. The members declared that an armed attack against one member would be considered an attack on all
B. Continues today with over 20 member countries
C. The United States Senate did not ratify the charter until a decade after the organization was formed
D. The Soviet Union responded to its formation with the creation of the Warsaw Pact

The United States refused to support the British, French, and Israelis in the 1956 Suez invasion because:

A. General Nasser was receiving American financial aid to build the Aswan Dam
B. Britain and France were not trusted by the Eisenhower administration
C. It feared that the Arab nations would become allies of the Soviet Union
D. General Nasser threatened to launch terrorist attack against the US
E. The Soviets threatened to take the issue to the United Nations if the United States supported the invasion

The term "massive resistance" was a slogan and policy most closely associated with:

A. John Foster Dulles and his new policy concerning Communism
B. Orval Faubus and Southern opposition to the Brown decision
C. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
D. Thurgood Marshall and support for the Brown decision

The most significant accomplishment  of the Montgomery boycott was that it led to:

A. The creation of the NAACP
B. The elevation of Martin Luther King Jr., to prominence as a civil rights leader
C. Immediate victory over segregation laws concerning public transportation
D. Most Southern whites accepting desegregation with no further resistance

This organization was founded by those involved in the first sit-in protests.

A. CORE
B. NOW
C. SNCC
D. SCLC

"Freedom riders" in the early 1960's aimed at:

A. An end to discrimination in employment
B. The promotion of voting rights for all
C. The integration of public schools
D. The desegregation of interstate buses

Following the racial violence in Alabama and Mississippi in 1962 and 1963, President Kennedy:

A. Issued an executive order that ended segregation in the armed forces
B. Resisted making a commitment to reform
C. Ordered that public schools be desegragated
D. Introduced legislation to end segregation in public accommodations

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed after the staging of which protests?

A. March from Selma to Birmingham
B. March on Washington
C. Demonstrations in Birmingham
D. Freedom Rides

"With all deliberate speed" refers to the desegregation of:

A. Schools
B. Busses
C. Public areas
D. Voting polls

The "sit-in" movement of protest in the early 1960's resulted in:

A. The demise of student activists organizations
B. The creation of the Black Panthers
C. The sending of federal marshals to some Southern restaurants
D. All of the answers below
E. The integration of some public eating facilities

The tenets of the philosophy of "Black Power" led to all of the following developments except:

A. The fostering of racial pride
B. The emergence of the Black Panthers
C. The consolidation of civil rights organizations
D. The increase in young people choosing radical alternatives
E. The attempt to exclude sympathetic whites from the movements

Which of the following describes President Eisenhower's initial public attitude towards segregation?

A. Opposed segregation
B. Favored segregation of schools
C. Attempted to be neutral on segregation
D. Supported segregation

Stokely Carmichael differed from Martin Luther King Jr. in that Carmichael:

A. Believed in violent confrontation
B. Did not believe in advancing African-Americans politically
C. Believed in nonviolent resistance
D. Did not lead any organizations

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 provided for the:

A. End of literacy tests in voter registration
B. Limits on black voting priveleges
C. Use of literacy tests for white voters
D. Use of federal troops on election day

The Southern Manifesto encouraged white Southerners to:

A. Obey law enforcement
B. Defy the Supreme Court
C. March against civil rights
D. Embrace desegragation

In 1957, in Little Rock, Arkansas, the governor tried to prevent African American students from entering a white high school by:

A. Hiring the Ku Klux Klan
B. Deploying the National Guard
C. Redrawing the school district
D. Closing the schools

The organization founded by student civil rights activists was:

A. NAACP
B. SCLC
C. ACLC
D. SNCC

Who was the first United States President to support Civil Rights legislation:

A. Eisenhower
B. Nixon
C. JFK
D. Truman

After his pilgrimage to Mekkah, Malcolm X concluded that:

A. Black Power meant self-sufficiency
B. A "seperate but equal" society was possible
C. An integrated society was possible
D. Assimilation was key to a successfully integrated society

List the four steps of Civil Disobedience:

The Supreme Court Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who made sweeping reforms concerning civil liberties

The Supreme Court Case that mandates a warrant be provided prior to a search and seizure

The Supreme Court case that mandates all suspects are read their rights upon being taken into custody is:

The Supreme Court case that forbids school prayer is:

During the 1960 election campaign, television aired its first:

A. Presidential Debate
B. Results of the Election
C. Political Commentary
D. Presidential Speech

The Republican nominee for president in the 1960 election was:

A. John Glenn
B. Eric Sevareid
C. Everrett Dirksen
D. Richard Nixon

The resolution of the Cuban missile Crisis involved 3 key decisions:
1. The Soviet Union promised to remove missiles from Cuba
2. The US promised never to invade Cuba
3. The US promised to:

A. Remove missiles from Alaska
B. Remove missiles from Florida
C. Remove missiles from China
D. Remove missiles from Turkey

Kennedy's "flexible response" plan called for:

A. A commitment to negotiation
B. A buildup of nuclear weapons
C. A buildup of conventional weapons
D. A commitment to fight Communism

Kennedy was unable to pass many of his domestic programs because:

A. The Democrats held only a small majority in the Senate
B. Many conservative Democrats and Republicans believed that the New Frontier was too expensive
C. Republicans controlled the most influential committee in Congress
D. The Republicans held a large majority in the House of Representatives

The Alliance for Progress was a:

A. Series of programs to improve life in America
B. Free-trade agreement between the US and Latin American countries
C. Job program that sent young people to work in poor American school districts
D. Series of cooperative aid projects with Latin American countries

Johnson's domestic program centered upon the issues of:

A. Economic strength
B. Social welfare
C. Decreasing the national debt
D. Fiscal conservatism

The reform program of Lyndon Johnson became known as the:

A. Fair Deal
B. New Frontier
C. Great Society
D. Square Deal

Preschool programs for the disadvantaged:

A. Medicare
B. Youth Corps
C. Upward Bound
D. Head Start
E. VISTA
F. Job Corps
G. Medicaid

Government-funded health insurance for the elderly:

A. Head Start
B. Medicare
C. Upward Bound
D. Job Corps
E. VISTA
F. Medicaid
G. Youth Corps

Put young volunteers to work in poor neighborhoods:

A. Medicare
B. Upward Bound
C. Job Corps
D. Medicaid
E. Head Start
F. VISTA
G. Youth Corps

Provided college preparation for low-income teenagers:

A. Medicaid
B. Upward Bound
C. Head Start
D. VISTA
E. Job Corps
F. Medicare
G. Youth Corps

Helped young, unemployed people acquire employment skills:

A. Upward Bound
B. Medicaid
C. Job Corps
D. VISTA
E. Medicare
F. Youth Corps
G. Head Start