Biology Day 1

Fundamental building block of all matter

• 2 Atoms = Molecule
• 3 Atoms = Compound

• Molecule is the smallest particle of a compound
• Atom is the smallest particle of a molecule

As association of 2 or more atoms.  They are atoms joined in chemical bonds.

The smallest unif of life

Mitochondria…Structure within a cell that has a particular function to perform

Cells can be conbined to form tissues

A grouping of tissues engaged in a collective task

Set of organs engaged in a collective task that keeps thee body functioning properly.  The circulatory system

Individual that consists of different type of cells.

Groupof single-celled or multi-celled individuals of the same species in a given area

All populations of all species in a specified area.

The physical environment…  Living and non-living organisms.  A community interacting with its environment.

All of the areas of the earth including the atmosphere that can support life.  organisms live.

• Variation among living organisms
• A mass variety of life

Is the ability to maintain a certain level of things in the body.  Tolerable ranges: Temperature, Sugar levels, PH (Level of acid)

• Successfully reproduce
• Homeostasis
• Metabolism
• Respond to changes in the environment

Makes its own food

Gets energy and nutrients from other organisms. 

They break down organic material and recycling. Fungi and Bacteria.  It can be recycled or re-used by plants

Blue-print of what an organism is – Contains the instructions to making protein.

Messenger of the DNA

The capacity to do work

Substance that an organism needs for growth and survival but cannot make for itself.

Parents produe offspring

• Deviced the classification system
• Deviced a naming system that has 2 parts
• Swedish botanist.  1750
• Did some things to helps us organize organisms
• Created a naming systems in order to help us label organisms
• Started with plants
• Binomial System:  (Two – Names)

• 1st part:  Genus (1st name)    
• 2nd part: Species  (Family Name)

1st letter of the Genus is always capitalized.  Acer rubrum and done in italics.When you write it you just underline it.

Category          Example

• Kingdom          Animalia
• Phylum            Chordata   (with or without backbone)       
• Class                Mammalia  (mammals
• Order               Primates   (Humans and monkeys)
• Family             Hominidae (human like)
• Genu                Homo
• Species            Sapiens

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Eukarya

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Protists
• Plants
• Fungi
• Animal

• Eu = True
• Karya = Central point / Nucleus

• Protists
• Plants
• Fungi
• Animals

Number of protons.  Determines the element

• A pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons
• Carbon
• Oxygen
• Hydrogen 

Arranged the known elements by chemical properties.  Atomic number.  known for his extravagant hair.

Forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carry.

• Anything that has mass and takes up space
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma

• There is a variation within a species
• As environment changes nature selects the variant that is best suited to survive.

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Phosphorus
• K  (Potasium)  Kalium
• Iodine
• Nitrogen
• Sulfur
• Ca (Calcium)
• Fe (Iron)  Feruso  
• Mg (Magnesium)
• Na  (Sodium)  Natrium
• Cl  (Chloride)

• Smaller than atoms
• Nucleaus = Protons and Neutrons
• Around = Electrons

Number of protons find in the nucleaus

The number of protons

Total number of Protons and Neutrons

Forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carry

• Whether an element is chemical active or not depends on the number of Electrons on the outer energy level.
• Rule of 8

• When an atom is not consider neutral
• They have gained or loss electrons
• Ions form Ionic bonds

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids (DNA / RNA)

• Carbon / Oxygen / Nitrogen / Phosphorus / Hydrogen / Sulfur
• Share Electrons

Give Electrons

• Is formed when a positive side of a molecule is attracted to the negative side ofanother
• Hydrogen bonds are form when you have a combination of positive and negative sidesWater and protein attracts

Water has a pos and neg side

• Water loving molecules; substance
• Describes a substance that dissolves easily in water

• Water fearing molecules.  Fats and Oils
• Resists dissolving in water.

• Liquid that can dissolve other substances
• Water

• The substance that is being dissolved
• Kool-Aid powder

• The combination of both substances
• Kool-Aid

Attraction of water molecules to other substances

• Attraction of water molecules to each other
• Dueto hydrogen bonding

is a substance with an excess of Hydrogen ions

• A substance with an excess of Hydroxyl Ion.
• Alkaline

Measure of molecular motion

Variant that it is best suited to survive

The order that the amino acid has to go in.

The initial shape that the polypeptide takes as it is being constructed

The final shape that the whole polypeptide has

found in animals and are solvents in room temperature.

found in plants and they tend to be liquids at room temperatures (or oils)

A long chain of amino acids