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kayekitty
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draw orbital shapes s, p (px, py, pz), d (dxy, dyz, dxz, dx2-y2, dz2)
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hybridization
combination of 2 or more orbitals
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VSEPR
- Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion theory
- electrons around the central atom arrange themselves in order to produce the minimum amount of repulsion between them
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determine hybridization o central atom
- count #paired electrons (inclu single, triple, lone pairs)
- 5 sp3d
- 4 sp3
- 3 sp2,
- 2 sp
- 1 p (diatomic) or s (regular)
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isotope
Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
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molecular solids
- made of molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces.
- forces between molecules are much weaker than the covalent bonds within the molecules.
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octet rule
Atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons.
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MSDS
- Material Safety Data Sheets
- contain information on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products.
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explain how the physical properties of a solid or liquid depend on the particles present and the types of intermolecular and intramolecular forces
- Physical properties of liquids and solids are due to intermolecular forces.
- if strong forces then usually solid
- weak = liquid/gas
- In liquids, properties such as surface tension, evaporation are the result of intermolecular forces.
- strength of attractiveforces between particles(atoms, ions, molecules)determines a substance’s state at room temp
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