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ATOMS
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES THAT CONSTITUTE THE FUNDAMENTAL BUILDINGL BLOCKS OF ORDINARY MATTER
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MOLECULES
TWO OR MORE ATOMS JOINED TOGETHER IN A SPECIFIC ARRANGEMENT
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD
SCIENCE IS BASED ON OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENT
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ROBERT BOYLE
CAME UP WITH SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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ANTOINE LAVOSIER
CAME UP WITH LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
MATTER IS NEITHER CREATED NOR DESTROYED
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SCIENTIFIC LAW
BRIEF STATEMENT THAT SUMMARIZES PAST OBSERVATIONS AND PREDICTS FUTURE ONE
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HYPOTHESIS
TENTATIVE INTERPRETATION OR EXPLANATION OF OBSERVATIONS
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THEORY
EXPLAINS WHY NATURE DOES WHAT IT DOES
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JOHN DALTON
CAME UP WITH THE ATOMIC THEORY
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ATOMIC THEORY
MATTER IS COMPOSED OF ATOMS
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MATTER
ANYTHING THAT OCCUPIES SPACE AND HAS MASS
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SUBSTANCE
A SPECIFIC INSTANCE OF MATTER
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CLASSIFYING MATTER; STATE
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SOLIDS
- DEFINITE SHAPE
- DEFINITE VOLUME
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LIQUIDS
- DEFINITE VOLUME
- INDEFINITE SHAPE
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GAS
- INDEFINITE SHAPE
- INDEFINITE VOLUME
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CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
- ATOMS OR MOLECULES ARE IN LONG RANGE PATTERNS AND REPEATS
- ie. Iron, Ice
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AMORPHUS SOLIDS
- ATOMS OR MOLECULES ARE NOT IN LONG RANCE PATTERNS NOR DEFINITE ORDER
- ie. Glass, Plastic
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PURE SUBSTANCE
- MADE UP OF ONE COMPONET
- SAMPLE DOES NOT VARY
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MIXTURE
MADE UP OF AT LEAST 2 COMPONETS THAT CAN VARY FROM ONE SAMPLE TO ANOTHER
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ELEMENT
- ON ATOM OR MOLECULE
- ie. Helium
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COMPOUND
- MADE UP OF TWO OR MORE ATOMS
- ie. Pure Water H2O
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HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
- MIXTURE WITH THE SAME COMPOSTITION THROUGHOUT
- ie. Wet Sand
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HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
- MIXTURE OF WHICH THE COMPOSITION CAN VARY THROUGHOUT.
- ie. Tea with Sugar
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DISTILLATION
MIXTURE IS HEATED TO BOIL OFF VOLATILE LIQUID
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VOLATILE
EASILY VAPORIZABLE LIQUID
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DECANTING
- CAREFULLY POURING OFF
- ie. Water from Sand
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FILTRATION
MIXTURE IS POURED THROUGH A PAPER FILTER THROUGH A FUNNNEL
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PHYSICAL CHANGE
ALTER ONLY STATE OR APPEARANCE, NOT COMPOSTITION
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CHEMICAL CHANGE
CHANGES THAT ALTER COMPOSITION AND REARRANGES ATOMS.
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
ENERGY DUE TO POSITION OR COMPOSITION
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KINETIC ENERGY
ENERGY DUE TO MOTION
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THERMAL ENERGY
- WHEN AND OBJECT STRIKES ANOTHER OBJECT, ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPERATURE OF AN OBJECT.
- ie. Ground
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED, BUT CAN ONLY CHANGE FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER.
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TEMPERATURE
MEASURE OF KINETIC ENERGY
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ACCURACY
HOW CLOE A SPECIFIC MEASUREMENT IS
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PRECISION
HOW CLOSE A SERIES OF MEASUREMENTS ARE
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RANDOM ERROR
ERROR THAT IS CAUSED BY RANDOM UNKNOWN AND UNPREDICTABLE CHANGES IN EXPERIMENT.
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SYSTEMATIC ERROR
ERRORS THAT USUALLY COME FROM MEASUREMENT.
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, infra-red spectrum, magnetic, opacity, viscosity and density
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
heat of combustion, reactivity with water, PH, and electromotive force.
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DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
USING UNITS TO DETERMINE CORRECTNESS TO SOLVE A PROBLEM
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