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What does Staphlyococcus affect in the body?
common commensal organism of skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals
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Define commensal.
deriving slight benefit without causing much harm
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Is Staphlyococcus pathogenic?
no
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What kind of tissues does Staphylococcus have the capacity to invade?
- abscesses, pustules
- bacteremia
- septicemia
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Define bacteremia.
presence of bacteria in the blood stream
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Define septicemia.
disease caused by the spread of bacteria and their toxins in the bloodstream
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Inflammatory response to Staphylococcus brings in _____.
neutrophils
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What are the major factors in food poisoning in humans?
enterotoxins
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What are the different infections caused by Staphylococcus?
- pyoderma
- mastitis
- abscesses
- arthritis
- septicemia
- UTI - urinary tract infections
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What is MRSA?
- methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial drugs
- more common in people but has been found in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle
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What are the gram positive bacterias?
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Micrococcus
- Enterococcus
- Listeria (small rod)
- Erysipelothrix (small rod)
- Bacillus (large rod)
- Clostridium (large rod)
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Where do we normally find Streptococcus in the body?
- skin
- mucous membranes of genital, upper respiratory, and digestive tracts
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Is Streptococcus pathogenic or non-pathogenic?
both
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Does Streptococcus produce toxins?
yes
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What is Streptococcus pyogenes?
strep throat in people
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What are some other Streptococcus infections?
- bovine mastitis
- equine strangles
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What does equine strangles affect?
- submandibular swelling and abscessation
- lymph node infection
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What are the symptoms of equine strangles?
- fever
- anorexia
- mucopurulent
- nasal discharge
- may infect guttural pouches
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What is Streptococcus equi?
equine strangles
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What are guttural pouches?
- air filled
- extend of Eustachian tubes
- connect middle ear to pharynx
- equalize pressure in the ear
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How is equine strangles transmitted?
on fomites and other horses
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Is there a vaccine for equine strangles?
yes, but it's not 100% effective
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What is Streptococcus zooepidemicus?
- genital infection in mares and cows
- naval infection - arthritis in foals
- epididymitis in stallions
- infects wounds of horses
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Where is Micrococcus luteus found?
in soil, dust, water, and air
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Where is Micrococcus normally found?
part of normal skin flora, amy be found in mouth and upper respiratory tract
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Where is Entercoccus faecalis found?
commensal organism in GI tracts of mammals
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Where is Listeria found?
- soil, feces, genital secretions, moldy hay
- raw and processed foods
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What is listeriosis in ruminants?
- "circling disease"
- meningoencephalitis
- cranial nerve dysfunction
- microabscesses of brainstem
- transmissible to people
- rotting vegetation, silage
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Is there a vaccine for listeriosis?
yes
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Which animal does Erysipelothrix affect the most?
swine
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Where is Erysipelothrix found?
on mucous membranes
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How is Erysipelothrix transmitted?
by direct contact and fomites
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What are the different forms of Erysipelothrix?
- acute septicemia
- skin - diamond skin disease of abdomen, ears, and snouth
- endocarditis and arthritis
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Is there a vaccine available for Erysipelothrix?
yes
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Is Erysipelothrix zoonotic?
yes - skin wounds - direct contact and MLV
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What are the different types of Bacillus?
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bacillus subtilis
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What is Bacillus anthracis?
cutaneous, gastrointestinal, pulmonary forms
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Where is Bacillus cereus found and what can it cause?
- found in soil
- can cause food-born illness
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Where is Bacillus subtilis found?
in soil
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What is Clostridium chauvoei?
blackleg in cattle
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How do cattle get blackleg?
ingestion, wounds/castration/dehorning
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What is blackleg in cattle?
blackened muscle tissue, gas production
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Is there a vaccine available for blackleg?
yes
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What is Clostridium septicum?
malignant edema
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What is Clostridium perfringens?
- enterotoxemia
- hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs
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What is Clostridium botulinum?
botulism
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What is Clostridium hemolyticum?
red water disease in cattle
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What is Clostridium tetani?
tetanus
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