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Structure of mature sperm
- three parts:
- head: haploid nucleus
- neck: connecting piece so tail doesn't snap head off during movement
- tail: flagella= movement
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What happens to the organelles in the sperm?
What is special about the upper region of the tail?
- most organells lost in mature structure
- in upper
- in upper region of the tail, there are a lot of mitochondria for ATP production
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Explain the acrosome.
- located on top of the head
- It is a sac derived from the Golgi with lytic enzymes necssary to break down the barriers surrounding an egg.
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Structure of the:
ovaries
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germinal epithelium
Sits in the pelvic cavity
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Function of the ovaries
produce gametes and the female hormones, estrogen and progesterone
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True or False:
The fallopian tube joins the ovary.
- False:
- The fallopian tube is in close proximity, but does not join the ovary
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Function of the fallopian tube.
transport tubes with a major role in fertilization. Fertilization occurs here
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Structure and Function of the uterus.
- house embryo
- internal short muscular tube that accepts the erect penis and functions as a birth canal
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Explain pre-puberty.
- A girl in pre-puberty has an ovary that has primary follicles (immature follicles) that are made up of a single layer of follicle cells and a large central cell, which is the primary oocyte.
- The follicle's role is to produce female hormones
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Explain the life cycle of the follicle.
when the girl is an embryo, the follicle forms, but begins to die at birth.
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True or False:
Follicle= follicle cell
- False
- Follicle is the structure (a stage of a gamete)
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Structure of the ovaries. (detailed)
- Not orderly like the testes: follicles are arranged haphazardly in the connective tissue
- There is no protective covering: outside are cells called germinal epithelium
- Contains hundreds or thousands of immature follicles: once a month is post puberty, one matures and produces a fertilizable gamete
- Not confluent with the rest of the system: not joined
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Parts of the Fallopian Tube
- three pairs:
- closest to ovary: infundibulum
- next: ampulla
- Last: isthmus
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Explain the infundibulum:
- Structure: funnel-shaped with finger-like projections called fimbriae
- Function: role of infundibulum and fimbriae is to lure (Create a fluid pressure) oocyte into fallopian tube where the mucus lining causes it to stick
- Essentially, it funcitons to catch the ovulated oocyte.
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Explain the function of the ampulla:
- important because its the NORMAL SITE of fertilization
- - if it takes too long to get to uterus, it gets embedded in the wall of the tube, becoming a tubal pregnancy.
- It usually takes 5-6 days for fertilized egg to get to uterus. If too fast, its a spontaneous abortion.
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Explain the structure and function of the isthmus.
connects to the uterus, the next structure
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If the egg isn't caught up in the __, it will __.
Survival of the egg relies on what?
- ampulla
- reabsorb
- formation of the placenta
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A pregnancy that is out of order is the __.
Explain some examples.
- ectopic pregnancy
- in abdomen= abdominal where egg is bound in diaphragm
- most common, the tubal pregnancy: if oocyte is fertilized too soon and embeds self in fallopian tube, it won't work--> woman starts bleeding--> they remove the tube
- If late, the oocyte can embed self in cervix--> placenta previa
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Structure of the Uterus
- single-pear shaped organ with three parts:
- fundus
- body
- cervix
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Structure of fundus and cervix.
- balloons above fallopian tubes
- narrow end
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Explain the structure of the wall of hte uterus.
- innermost: endometrium
- middle: myometrium
- outer: perimetrium
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Explain the endometrium.
- glandular epithelium
- -in this layer, the embryo embeds and forms placenta
- -grows within the endometrium
- - this layer builds up in hopes of fertilization and sheds if no fertilization every month
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Explain the myometrium.
- middle/ thickest/ smooth muscle
- contracts to get baby out
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Explain the perimetrium.
- connective tissue
- anchoring layer: BV and nerves to uterus; ligaments that help attach uterus and ovary
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Structure of vagina.
- short muscular tube that balloons above the cervix a bit
- highly muscular
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function of vagina
- accept erect penis
- birth canal for baby to get out
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External genitalia
- vulva
- Two openings: vaginal (oriface for sex and birth) and urethra for urination
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