neck: connecting piece so tail doesn't snap head off during movement
tail: flagella= movement
What happens to the organelles in the sperm?
What is special about the upper region of the tail?
most organells lost in mature structure
in upper
in upper region of the tail, there are a lot of mitochondria for ATP production
Explain the acrosome.
located on top of the head
It is a sac derived from the Golgi with lytic enzymes necssary to break down the barriers surrounding an egg.
Structure of the:
ovaries
germinal epithelium
Sits in the pelvic cavity
Function of the ovaries
produce gametes and the female hormones, estrogen and progesterone
True or False:
The fallopian tube joins the ovary.
False:
The fallopian tube is in close proximity, but does not join the ovary
Function of the fallopian tube.
transport tubes with a major role in fertilization. Fertilization occurs here
Structure and Function of the uterus.
house embryo
internal short muscular tube that accepts the erect penis and functions as a birth canal
Explain pre-puberty.
A girl in pre-puberty has an ovary that has primary follicles (immature follicles) that are made up of a single layer of follicle cells and a large central cell, which is the primary oocyte.
The follicle's role is to produce female hormones
Explain the life cycle of the follicle.
when the girl is an embryo, the follicle forms, but begins to die at birth.
True or False:
Follicle= follicle cell
False
Follicle is the structure (a stage of a gamete)
Structure of the ovaries. (detailed)
Not orderly like the testes: follicles are arranged haphazardly in the connective tissue
There is no protective covering: outside are cells called germinal epithelium
Contains hundreds or thousands of immature follicles: once a month is post puberty, one matures and produces a fertilizable gamete
Not confluent with the rest of the system: not joined
Parts of the Fallopian Tube
three pairs:
closest to ovary: infundibulum
next: ampulla
Last: isthmus
Explain the infundibulum:
Structure: funnel-shaped with finger-like projections called fimbriae
Function: role of infundibulum and fimbriae is to lure (Create a fluid pressure) oocyte into fallopian tube where the mucus lining causes it to stick
Essentially, it funcitons to catch the ovulated oocyte.
Explain the function of the ampulla:
important because its the NORMAL SITE of fertilization
- if it takes too long to get to uterus, it gets embedded in the wall of the tube, becoming a tubal pregnancy.
It usually takes 5-6 days for fertilized egg to get to uterus. If too fast, its a spontaneous abortion.
Explain the structure and function of the isthmus.
connects to the uterus, the next structure
If the egg isn't caught up in the __, it will __.
Survival of the egg relies on what?
ampulla
reabsorb
formation of the placenta
A pregnancy that is out of order is the __.
Explain some examples.
ectopic pregnancy
in abdomen= abdominal where egg is bound in diaphragm
most common, the tubal pregnancy: if oocyte is fertilized too soon and embeds self in fallopian tube, it won't work--> woman starts bleeding--> they remove the tube
If late, the oocyte can embed self in cervix--> placenta previa
Structure of the Uterus
single-pear shaped organ with three parts:
fundus
body
cervix
Structure of fundus and cervix.
balloons above fallopian tubes
narrow end
Explain the structure of the wall of hte uterus.
innermost: endometrium
middle: myometrium
outer: perimetrium
Explain the endometrium.
glandular epithelium
-in this layer, the embryo embeds and forms placenta
-grows within the endometrium
- this layer builds up in hopes of fertilization and sheds if no fertilization every month
Explain the myometrium.
middle/ thickest/ smooth muscle
contracts to get baby out
Explain the perimetrium.
connective tissue
anchoring layer: BV and nerves to uterus; ligaments that help attach uterus and ovary
Structure of vagina.
short muscular tube that balloons above the cervix a bit
highly muscular
function of vagina
accept erect penis
birth canal for baby to get out
External genitalia
vulva
Two openings: vaginal (oriface for sex and birth) and urethra for urination